Recent Progress of Graphene-Based Photoelectrode Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Figure 8

Schematic flowchart of in situ incorporation of GS in nanostructured TiO₂ films. (a) GS prepared by chemical exfoliation with residual oxygen-containing functional groups, such as hydroxyl. (b) Schematic of titanium(IV) butoxide grafted on the reduced GS surfaces by chemisorption. (c) Schematic diagram of GS coated with TiO₂ colloids after hydrolysis. (d) Illustration of the electrophoretic deposition process used to prepare GS/TiO₂ composite films. (e) Schematic representation of the structure of the GS/TiO₂ composite film after calcination [147].