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Location | Description | Results | Reference |
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California | Evaluation of the energy performance of a photovoltaic double-skin facade (PV-DSF) was conducted. | 50% of lighting electricity was saved in the winter, and 15% of the annual net electricity was saved. | [80] |
Canada | Air-based building-integrated photovoltaic-thermal (BIPVT) systems were investigated. | Thermal efficiency was improved by 5% compared to a conventional single-inlet system. | [81] |
Cameroon | Building-integrated semitransparent photovoltaic thermal systems (BISPVT) were simulated. | The system area of 36.45 m2 can annually produce an amount of thermal energy of 76.66 kWh at an overall thermal efficiency of 56.07%. | [83] |
Germany | Calculation of the thermal impact on building performance of an integrated PV facade was conducted. | 12% of heating energy was saved. | [84, 85] |
India | A building semitransparent PV thermal system was integrated into the roof and facades. | Energy efficiencies were 11-18% at the roof and 13-18% at the facade, respectively. Electrical efficiencies were 85% at the roof and 72% at the facade, respectively. | [22] |
India | Evaluation of the energy performance of a semitransparent BIPVT integrated to the roof of a room was performed. | The annual electrical energy generated was 810 kWh for a heterojunction, while the annual thermal energy was 464 kWh for amorphous silicon | [79] |
Japan | Evaluation of electrical and solar heat using a BIPVT hybrid was done. | Thermal efficiencies were 20-22% for glazed systems and 29-36% for unglazed systems, respectively. | [86] |
Japan | A semitransparent BIPV was evaluated by simulation. | 5.3% of heating and cooling were reduced. Net energy savings of 3.0–8.7% were achieved. | [78] |
Korea | Evaluation of electrical thermal energy from different conditions was done, as the sun shading module was rated at 40 kWp and the rooftop modules were rated at 60 kWp | On a cloudy day, the energy generated was 40.8 kWh, while solar irradiation was 2513 Wh/m2. On a normal day, the energy generated was 69.8 kWh, while solar irradiation was 4458 Wh/m2. On a sunny day, the energy generated was 68 kWh, while solar irradiation was 6554 Wh/m2. | [87] |
Turkey | The energy of the semitransparent a-Si solar cells integrated to a Tromble wall was evaluated. | Average electrical efficiency was 4.52%, and thermal energy was 27%. | [88] |
USA | Semitransparent BIPV windows were studied for the overall energy of commercial buildings in various tropics. | The system can save 30% of the total heating and ventilation system energy compared with the clear glass system. | [29] |
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