Use of Nanofluids in Solar PV/Thermal Systems

Table 3

Nanoparticle and base fluid properties as stated in the literature.

Nanoparticle/base fluid type	Density,	Specific heat,	Thermal conductivity,	Reference
Alumina	3960	773	40	[77, 78]
Aluminum	2700	904	237	[78]
Carbon nanotube	1350	—	3000	[78]
Copper	8940	385	401	[78]
Copper oxide	6000	551	33	[78]
Graphite	2160	701	120	[78]
Silicon (Si)	2320	714	148	[78]
Silicon carbide	3370	1340	150	[78]
Silicon oxide	3970	765	3970	[79]
Titanium carbide	4930	711	330	[78]
Titanium oxide	4230	692	8.4	[78]
Cuprous oxide	6320	42.36	76.5	[79]
Graphene oxide	1910	710	1000	[79]
Iron oxide	5250	650	20	[80]
Single-walled carbon nanotubes	2100	841	6000	[81]
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes	2100	711	1500	[82]
nanocomposite	7035	554.5	242	[83]
	4845.4	680.66	509.14	[82]
Pure water		4179	0.613	[43, 77]
Ethylene glycol	1113.2	2470.2	0.258	[43, 84]
Engine oil	870	2012	0.142	[85]