Experimental Investigation of a Direct Evaporative Cooling System for Year-Round Thermal Management with Solar-Assisted Dryer

Table 1

Research work carried out for different climates.

Authors	System type	Building type	Region	Climate	Key findings
Costelloe and Finn [11]	Indirect contact evaporative cooling system	Office buildings	Dublin and Milan	Temperate	As a consequence of 16°C cooling water from October to May, the office buildings in Dublin can be cooled throughout the year without the use of conventional cooling. In Milan, a similar performance can be achieved from November to March
Heidarinejad et al. [12]	Two-stage indirect–direct evaporative cooling system	Public buildings	Tehran	Multi	Two-stage indirect–direct evaporative cooling system can be preferred to mechanical vapour compression systems in regions with higher wet-bulb temperatures to minimise energy consumption. However, water consumption of the two-stage system is 55% greater than that of traditional DEC
Ibrahim et al. [13]	Direct evaporative cooling system equipped with porous ceramic evaporators	Residential buildings	Nottingham	Multi	Direct evaporative cooling system supported with porous ceramic evaporators can provide 6–8°C in dry-bulb temperature with a 30% rise in relative humidity. The maximum cooling achieved from the system is 224 W/m^2
Hajidavalloo [14]	Indirect contact evaporative cooling system	Residential buildings	Khoozestan, Iran	Very hot	Through this system, power consumption can be decreased by about 16% in very hot climates, and the COP can be enhanced by 55% compared to conventional air conditioners
He and Hoyano [15]	Passive evaporative cooling wall (PECW)	Residential courtyards	Japan	Hot and dry	PECW constructed as ceramic pipes absorb water using capillary action. It can reduce the surface temperature of the pipe by 3–5°C than the ambient, and the ambient air temperature is dropped to 3–4°C
Katsuki et al. [16]	Porous ceramic plates	—	Korea	Hot and dry	The study reports that porous properties and relative humidity of air are the key factors influencing the self-cooling effect of porous ceramic plates