Standalone and Minigrid-Connected Solar Energy Systems for Rural Application in Rwanda: An In Situ Study

Table 4

Comparative simulation analysis for the proposed PV systems (we did not consider the sensitivity variables).

Resource	System architectures	Electricity production (kWh per year) (portion)	Cost summaries
			Total NPC (USD)	LCOE (USD/kWh)	Operating cost (USD per year)
Solar	Standalone (1 household)	2426.0	9284.4	1.23	428.08
Solar	Microgrid (community)	221,715.0	1,166,898.0	1.28	37,965.91