Parameter Estimation of the Photovoltaic System Using Bald Eagle Search (BES) Algorithm

Table 6

The individual absolute error and relative error of double-diode model obtained by BES.

Item	Test data		Simulated current		Power
	(V)	(A)	(A)	IAE (A)	(W)	RE
1	−0.2057	0.7640	0.764003	0.000003	-0.157155	-0.000004
2	−0.1291	0.7620	0.762624	0.000624	-0.098455	-0.000818
3	−0.0588	0.7605	0.761357	0.000857	-0.044768	-0.001127
4	0.0057	0.7605	0.760193	0.000307	0.004333	0.000403
5	0.0646	0.7600	0.759127	0.000873	0.049040	0.001148
6	0.1185	0.7590	0.758141	0.000859	0.089840	0.001132
7	0.1678	0.7570	0.757208	0.000208	0.127060	-0.000275
8	0.2132	0.7570	0.756263	0.000737	0.161235	0.000973
9	0.2545	0.7555	0.755197	0.000303	0.192198	0.000400
10	0.2924	0.7540	0.753744	0.000256	0.220395	0.000340
11	0.3269	0.7505	0.751423	0.000923	0.245640	-0.001230
12	0.3585	0.7465	0.747332	0.000832	0.267919	-0.001114
13	0.3873	0.7385	0.740054	0.001554	0.286623	-0.002104
14	0.4137	0.7280	0.727313	0.000687	0.300889	0.000943
15	0.4373	0.7065	0.706955	0.000455	0.309151	-0.000644
16	0.4590	0.6755	0.675376	0.000124	0.309997	0.000184
17	0.4784	0.6320	0.631010	0.000990	0.301875	0.001567
18	0.4960	0.5730	0.572351	0.000649	0.283886	0.001132
19	0.5119	0.4990	0.500188	0.001188	0.256046	-0.002381
20	0.5265	0.4130	0.414353	0.001353	0.218157	-0.003277
21	0.5398	0.3165	0.318305	0.001805	0.171821	-0.005702
22	0.5521	0.2120	0.213015	0.001015	0.117605	-0.004787
23	0.5633	0.1035	0.103172	0.000328	0.058117	0.003166
24	0.5736	−0.0100	-0.007691	0.002309	-0.004412	0.230909
25	0.5833	−0.1230	-0.124367	0.001367	-0.072543	-0.011111
26	0.5900	−0.2100	-0.207164	0.002836	-0.122226	0.013507
Total IAE				0.023441