Parameter Estimation of the Photovoltaic System Using Bald Eagle Search (BES) Algorithm

Table 9

The individual absolute error and relative error of Photowatt-PWP201 obtained by BES.

Item	Test data		Simulated current		Power
	(V)	(A)	(A)	IAE (A)	(W)	RE
1	0.1248	1.0315	1.029105	0.002395	0.128432	0.002322
2	1.8093	1.0300	1.027367	0.002633	1.858815	0.002557
3	3.3511	1.0260	1.025728	0.000272	3.437315	0.000266
4	4.7622	1.0220	1.024093	0.002093	4.876936	-0.002048
5	6.0538	1.0180	1.022278	0.004278	6.188666	-0.004202
6	7.2364	1.0155	1.019918	0.004418	7.380532	-0.004350
7	8.3189	1.0140	1.016352	0.002352	8.454931	-0.002320
8	9.3097	1.0100	1.010490	0.000490	9.407354	-0.000485
9	10.2163	1.0035	1.000631	0.002869	10.222748	0.002859
10	11.0449	0.9880	0.984567	0.003433	10.874439	0.003475
11	11.8018	0.9630	0.959567	0.003433	11.324616	0.003565
12	12.4929	0.9255	0.922926	0.002574	11.530023	0.002781
13	13.1231	0.8725	0.872748	0.000248	11.453153	-0.000284
14	13.6983	0.8075	0.807504	0.000004	11.061434	-0.000005
15	14.2221	0.7265	0.728669	0.002169	10.363202	-0.002985
16	14.6995	0.6345	0.637592	0.003092	9.372288	-0.004874
17	15.1346	0.5345	0.536806	0.002306	8.124337	-0.004313
18	15.5311	0.4275	0.430253	0.002753	6.682303	-0.006440
19	15.8929	0.3185	0.319674	0.001174	5.080544	-0.003686
20	16.2229	0.2085	0.208450	0.000050	3.381663	0.000240
21	16.5241	0.1010	0.097391	0.003609	1.609294	0.035736
22	16.7987	−0.0080	-0.006947	0.001053	-0.116694	0.131670
23	17.0499	−0.1110	-0.109404	0.001596	-1.865323	0.014380
24	17.2793	−0.2090	-0.207566	0.001434	-3.586589	0.006863
25	17.4885	−0.3030	-0.299042	0.003958	-5.229796	0.013063
Total IAE				0.054687