Energy and Economic Analysis of Curved, Straight, and Spiral Flow Flat-Plate Solar Water Collector

Table 2

Comparison of the SWH with different geometry flow tubes.

Flow tube geometry	Research finding	Reference
Twist tape	9.29 higher than conventional SWH	[37]
Helically twisted tape	Collector efficiency improved by 3.9%	[38]
Dimple tube	The average temperature is 69°C	[39]
Left-right twisted tape	Instantaneous efficiency is found (85%)	[40]
A zigzag pattern	62.90% efficiency was obtained	[41]
Circular flow pipes	65% efficiency was obtained	Present study
Spiral flow pipes	73% efficiency was obtained	Present study