A Numerical Analogy of Improving Efficiency for the PVT System in Bangladesh

<table class="table-group" id="tab3"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">No. of elements</td><td class="align_center">38,882</td><td class="align_center">87,585</td><td class="align_center">154,210</td><td class="align_center"><b>253,276</b></td><td class="align_center">421,903</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><svg height="12.2532pt" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-3.29108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 15.1993 12.2532" width="15.1993pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M357 391C357 416 325 451 270 451C241 451 179 431 146 400C109 365 97 334 97 307C97 248 143 213 196 180C250 146 261 123 261 101C261 75 237 40 190 40C153 40 110 72 86 109C81 116 68 119 55 112C37 102 24 87 24 66C24 30 85 -12 137 -12C229 -12 331 62 331 140C331 189 304 218 236 260C197 284 164 309 164 346C164 381 194 400 220 400C259 400 282 380 304 350C310 342 321 339 330 344C347 353 357 372 357 391Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.808,3.132)"><path d="M387 400C387 425 348 451 303 451C247 451 176 414 132 376C69 322 24 228 24 148C24 43 74 -12 147 -12C211 -12 301 33 363 103L346 128C319 99 249 51 193 51C148 51 112 84 112 165C112 230 130 287 154 330C170 359 199 400 243 400C277 400 304 383 326 354C333 345 343 343 354 348C378 360 387 382 387 400Z"></path></g></svg> (°C)</td><td class="align_center">38.053</td><td class="align_center">38.424</td><td class="align_center">38.872</td><td class="align_center">39.011</td><td class="align_center">39.012</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left"><svg height="12.2487pt" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-3.28658pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 19.5471 12.2487" width="19.5471pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path d="M178 -12C234 -12 289 15 332 51C402 109 439 207 439 293C439 392 389 449 307 449C275 449 234 436 198 416C115 373 46 273 46 143C46 63 83 -12 178 -12ZM214 28C161 28 130 75 130 149C130 302 197 384 236 402C247 407 259 410 274 410C320 410 355 372 355 291C356 163 300 57 247 34C236 30 226 28 214 28Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,11.362,3.132)"><path d="M492 113C464 85 429 61 420 61C413 61 411 70 416 101C441 231 468 343 495 449H484L415 423C402 361 390 309 379 263C339 190 227 56 172 56C156 56 149 73 160 122C179 202 198 282 216 362C231 429 227 449 205 449C178 449 116 413 57 355L69 330C103 359 131 378 139 378C145 377 147 369 141 345C123 268 105 192 86 115C61 7 93 -12 120 -12C144 -12 173 -1 201 19C254 56 313 116 362 182H364C357 148 353 128 345 94C325 7 339 -12 360 -12C390 -12 457 32 505 90L492 113Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.084,3.132)"><path d="M338 431H221L257 582L247 588L172 525L149 431H88L63 400L66 391H140L82 120C59 17 79 -12 102 -12C155 -12 231 55 264 95L249 116C225 91 177 58 160 58C149 58 143 69 154 118L212 392L312 396L338 431Z"></path></g></svg> (°C)</td><td class="align_center">29.143</td><td class="align_center">29.325</td><td class="align_center">29.561</td><td class="align_center">29.735</td><td class="align_center">29.7351</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Time (s)</td><td class="align_center">98</td><td class="align_center">177</td><td class="align_center">254</td><td class="align_center">323</td><td class="align_center">405</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Grid sensitivity check at <svg height="13.7421pt" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-2.1507pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5914 78.5935 13.7421" width="78.5935pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M673 297H417L411 270C517 261 522 258 506 183L487 92C476 38 428 19 360 19C207 19 123 132 123 287C123 472 243 631 441 631C557 631 617 583 617 469L647 472C650 545 655 604 658 632C625 643 554 666 467 666C201 666 23 502 23 278C23 90 156 -16 339 -16C410 -16 501 6 569 24C566 43 567 70 573 101L589 183C604 259 607 262 667 271L673 297Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.524,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,23.787,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,30.027,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.267,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.682,0)"><path d="M956 650H736V622C814 613 818 602 804 542C789 471 733 275 691 141H689C628 314 570 476 514 641H485C434 478 377 312 323 142H321C277 284 238 419 199 554C184 605 186 613 259 622V650H16V622C77 615 92 606 117 524C172 346 228 170 281 -11H312C363 151 419 312 475 488H477C528 343 597 150 652 -11H683C765 269 826 458 848 522C878 605 887 613 956 622V650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,57.353,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,62.714,0)"><path d="M797 0V26C739 32 732 36 732 103V296C732 394 682 449 605 449C576 449 550 437 529 423C504 407 475 389 446 366C425 418 382 449 334 449C303 449 279 437 253 421C222 403 201 385 180 371V452C135 432 85 419 41 411V388C99 379 102 374 102 310V103C102 38 93 32 27 26V0H238V26C189 32 180 38 180 103V338C210 363 250 390 289 390C351 390 377 348 377 275V103C377 37 368 32 306 26V0H520V26C465 32 456 38 456 101V296C456 314 455 326 453 338C491 369 529 390 565 390C628 390 653 345 653 274V107C653 36 642 32 583 26V0H797Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,73.401,-5.741)"><path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z"></path></g></svg> and <span class="nowrap"><svg height="12.5944pt" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.2865pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.3079 70.4446 12.5944" width="70.4446pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M697 650H468L461 623L492 619C539 613 547 605 518 546C481 471 367 264 278 116H276C239 278 197 500 186 567C180 604 185 613 226 619L252 623L260 650H24L17 623C78 617 92 613 108 533L216 -11H247C365 200 515 462 560 529C616 612 624 615 689 623L697 650Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.332,3.132)"><path d="M221 640C187 640 167 607 168 581C168 555 185 538 208 538C239 538 262 565 261 595C261 619 247 640 221 640ZM223 109C199 88 165 62 153 62C147 62 145 70 151 94L219 369C231 416 232 448 209 448C183 448 113 407 58 353L70 331C101 356 131 373 139 373C145 373 145 363 140 341L77 86C57 4 71 -12 91 -12C125 -12 202 47 236 87L223 109Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.698,3.132)"><path d="M480 109C451 80 424 63 415 63C408 63 407 72 413 99C429 168 446 238 462 306C492 434 464 449 439 449C420 449 399 442 373 426C331 402 257 344 189 251H187L208 338C226 415 222 449 200 449C172 449 114 412 59 354L73 330C98 354 128 375 137 375C143 375 146 367 139 335C114 224 85 105 57 -4L63 -11C82 -4 109 3 135 8C147 69 162 128 174 177C224 262 340 385 384 385C399 385 405 371 391 314C374 240 357 166 339 92C320 15 330 -12 354 -12C380 -12 436 20 495 85L480 109Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,18.696,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.959,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.199,0)"><path d="M249 635C141 635 70 555 70 471C70 401 114 353 179 316C143 294 106 267 90 252C68 231 45 202 45 157C45 50 130 -12 237 -12C322 -12 435 52 435 169C435 256 372 304 303 343C349 374 375 398 383 407C401 429 411 458 411 487C411 569 344 635 249 635ZM238 603C285 603 337 567 337 482C337 422 310 385 276 358C205 393 145 426 145 500C145 552 179 603 238 603ZM248 20C183 20 125 70 125 163C125 218 158 268 206 300C284 261 355 217 355 143C355 66 308 20 248 20Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.439,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,50.854,0)"><path d="M495 163C480 117 462 85 444 65C421 39 387 34 332 34C290 34 256 36 236 47C218 57 213 77 213 131V526C213 612 222 616 301 622V650H40V622C122 616 128 611 128 526V126C128 41 120 34 36 28V0H489C498 31 519 126 525 157L495 163Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,57.874,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,63.236,0)"><path d="M513 0V26C455 31 447 37 447 103V278C447 398 390 449 309 449C255 449 202 412 166 376V712C127 700 67 684 19 677V653C85 647 87 643 87 580V103C87 37 79 31 19 26L18 0H231V26C171 32 166 39 166 103V341C194 373 232 392 270 392C337 392 368 351 368 269V103C368 38 360 32 302 26V0H513Z"></path></g></svg>.</span></div>

International Journal of Photoenergy

tab3

Table 3

Table 3: A Numerical Analogy of Improving Efficiency for the PVT System in Bangladesh 