Impact of Different Solar Trackers on Hydrogen Production: A Case Study in Iran

Table 1

Characteristics of the hybrid system in the studies based on renewable hydrogen.

Ref.	Year	Study area	Grid	Load (kWh/d)	Design	NPC; ($)	COE ($/kWh)	COH ($/kg)	Dump load	Heat recovery	Solar tracker
[23]	2019	South Africa Cape Town	Off-grid	1200	PV-FC-EL-HT-SP	26626630	4.78	—	No	No	No
[35]	2019	Iran Hormozgan	On-grid	13.9	EL- RE-HT	84200	3.036	0.496	No	No	No
					PV-WT-DG-EL- RE-HT	92791	2.653	0.547	No	No	No
[26]	2019	Chad	On-grid	14	EL- RE-HT	2413770	28.710	4.695	No	No	No
					PV-WT-EL- RE-HT	2415421	24.575	4.698	No	No	No
[28]	2019	Iran; Tabriz	Off-grid	70	PV-FC-EL-HT- batt	192.338	0.286	—	No	No	No
[20]	2019	Egypt; Minya	Off-grid	110	PV-FC-EL-HT	391690	0.206	—	No	No	No
			On-grid	110	PV-FC-EL-HT	115649	0.062	7.53	No	No	No
[24]	2019	Italy; Reggio Calabria	Off-grid	—	PV-FC-EL-HT	24000	0.87	—	—	—	Yes
[21]	2020	Iran; Chaldoran	Off-grid	361	PV-BG-FC-RF-HT-batt	444605	0.225	—	No	No	No
			On-grid	361	PV-FC-RF-HT	280661	0.119	—	No	No	No
[25]	2020	Turkey; Mumcular dam	Off-grid	499	PV-FC-EL-HT	581733	0.6124	—	No	No	No
[36]	2021	India; Karnataka	No	724.83	PV-WT-BG-FC-EL-HT	890013	0.214	—	No	No	No
[37]	2021	Malaysia; Kedah	Yes	20000	PV-FC-EL-HT-batt	-38.2 M	-0.409	—	No	No	No
[38]	2022	India; Nalanda	Yes	1010.8	PV-WT-FC-DG-EL-HT-batt-ref	378000	0.088	—	No	No	No
[39]	2022	Oman; Duqm	Yes	827061	PV-WT-FC-EL-HT-batt	1.53 B	0.322	—	No	No	No
[40]	2022	Iran; All provinces	Yes	480	PV-EL-HT	—	—	—	No	No	No
[41]	2022	Iran; East Azerbaijan	No	—	WT-EL	—	0.045	1.38	No	No	No
Present work	2022	Iran; Jask	Yes	5.9	PV-WT-FC-EL-HT-batt	9321	0.116	29.33	Yes	Yes	Yes

PV: Photovoltaic; WT: Wind Turbine; FC: Fuel Cell; EL: Electrolyzer; RE: Reformer; HT: Hydrogen Tank; BG: Biogas Generator; DG: Diesel Generator; SP: Supercapacitor; HP: Hydro Power; Ref: Reformer.