Research Article
Optimization of Oil Yield from the Macro Algae Spirogyra by Solvent Extraction Process Using RSM and ANN
Table 5
Physio chemical properties of various biomass compared with standard values of diesel and biodiesel with the present study.
| Type of biomass | Solvent used | Density kg/m3 | Specific gravity | Kinematic viscosity, mm2/s | Acid value, mg KOH/g oil | Iodine value, g I2/100 g oil | Saponification value, mg KOH/g oil | Calorific value, MJ/kg | Cetane number | Flash point, °C | Ref. no | ASTM standards | 4052-91 | D5355 | D445 | D1980-87 | D96 | D221 | D240 | D613 | D664 |
| Diesel | — | 837 | 0.835 | 3.96 | | | | 44.8 | 45-50 | 72 | | Standard biodiesel | — | 860-900 | 0.903 -0.921 | 1.9-6.0 | 0.8 | 120 | — | 37.27 | 47 | 130 | [30] | Spirogyra sp. (present study) | n-Hexane | 858 | 0.852 | 3.72 | 2.142 | 67 | 174.56 | 32.57 | 32.7 | 79 | | Cladophora glomerata | n-Hexane | 892 | 0.892 | 3.8 | 0.935 | 76.24 | 244.1 | 33.6 | 55.82 | 110 | [31] | Chlorella sp. | n-Hexane/ethanol | 912 | 0.912 | 4.73 | 0.37 | 97.12 | — | 37.86 | — | 179 | [30] | Chlorophyta sp | n-Hexane | 887 | 0.887 | — | 1.24 | 81.27 | 256 | — | — | 108 | [27] | Dunalliela sp. | n-Hexane/methanol | 864 | 0.864 | 4.13 | 0.835 | 48 | 196 | 34.53 | — | 168 | [28] | Acutodesmus obliquus | Ethanol/n-hexane | 945 | 0.945 | 3.33 | 7.4 | 156.4 | 165.66 | 36.54 | 31.82 | 127 | [32] | Castor oil | n-Hexane | 958 | 0.958 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 84.6 | 378.6 | 35.45 | 38.1 | 112 | [33] | Calophyllum seed oil | n-Hexane -methanol (1 : 1) | 885 | 0.885 | 2.6 | 13 | 126.8 | 152 | — | — | — | [32] | Sandbox seed oil | n-Hexane | 941 | 0.941 | 4.18 | 1.878 | 186.28 | 242.63 | | 26.25 | | [34] | Kariya seed oil | n-Hexane | 903 | 0.903 | 7.149 | 2.12 | 55.78 | 249.76 | 41.36 | — | 140 | [35] |
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