Optimization of Oil Yield from the Macro Algae Spirogyra by Solvent Extraction Process Using RSM and ANN

Table 5

Physio chemical properties of various biomass compared with standard values of diesel and biodiesel with the present study.

Type of biomass	Solvent used	Density kg/m^3	Specific gravity	Kinematic viscosity, mm^2/s	Acid value, mg KOH/g oil	Iodine value, g I2/100 g oil	Saponification value, mg KOH/g oil	Calorific value, MJ/kg	Cetane number	Flash point, °C	Ref. no
ASTM standards		4052-91	D5355	D445	D1980-87	D96	D221	D240	D613	D664
Diesel	—	837	0.835	3.96				44.8	45-50	72
Standard biodiesel	—	860-900	0.903 -0.921	1.9-6.0	0.8	120	—	37.27	47	130	[30]
Spirogyra sp. (present study)	n-Hexane	858	0.852	3.72	2.142	67	174.56	32.57	32.7	79
Cladophora glomerata	n-Hexane	892	0.892	3.8	0.935	76.24	244.1	33.6	55.82	110	[31]
Chlorella sp.	n-Hexane/ethanol	912	0.912	4.73	0.37	97.12	—	37.86	—	179	[30]
Chlorophyta sp	n-Hexane	887	0.887	—	1.24	81.27	256	—	—	108	[27]
Dunalliela sp.	n-Hexane/methanol	864	0.864	4.13	0.835	48	196	34.53	—	168	[28]
Acutodesmus obliquus	Ethanol/n-hexane	945	0.945	3.33	7.4	156.4	165.66	36.54	31.82	127	[32]
Castor oil	n-Hexane	958	0.958	4.5	3.2	84.6	378.6	35.45	38.1	112	[33]
Calophyllum seed oil	n-Hexane -methanol (1 : 1)	885	0.885	2.6	13	126.8	152	—	—	—	[32]
Sandbox seed oil	n-Hexane	941	0.941	4.18	1.878	186.28	242.63		26.25		[34]
Kariya seed oil	n-Hexane	903	0.903	7.149	2.12	55.78	249.76	41.36	—	140	[35]