Technical Design and Economic Investigations for Reducing CO₂ Emission considering Environmental Protection Agency Standards by Employing an Optimum Grid-Connected PV/Battery System

Table 1

Expenses and emissions from people’s (S’1) and government’s (S1) points of view without a renewable system.

	COE ($/kWh)	NPC ($)	OC ($/yr.)	Dispatch
S’1	0.0134	252258	14977	CC
S1	0.121	2.28 M	135369	CC
S1 and S’1 emission	CO2	CO	UH	PM	SO2	NOx
Value (ton in 20 yrs.)	17715	15.7	0.358	2.58	37.24	53.44
Emission for Iran’s power plants (g/kWh)	790	0.7	0.02	0.12	1.66	2.38
Emission penalties ($/ton)	16.1	54	335	6923	2936	965
Total emission penalties ($)	285212	848	120	17861	109337	51570