Emerging Actions and Energy Strategies for Sustainable Development of Sakarya City, Turkey: A SWOT Analysis

Table 1

SWOT analysis matrix.

Segments	Strengths	Weaknesses	Opportunities	Threats
Transportation	(i) Low public transport fees; (ii) Age profile of the bus fleet; (iii) Wide transportation network; (iv) Bicycle infrastructures	(i) Public transport infrastructure; (ii) Pedestrianization; (iii) Expertise in transportation planning; (iv) Public preference level; (v) Rail system; (vi) Public transport line planning; (vii) Financial resources; (viii) Passenger information activities; (ix) Zoning planning; (x) Alternative energy sources; (xi) Bicycle paths	(i) Reduced fuel costs with new technologies; (ii) Government support for public transportation; (iii) Geographical structure; (iv) Urban master transport plan	(i) Comfort of private transportation; (ii) Legal legislations; (iii) Challenges in rail transport; (iv) Local resistance to pedestrianization and bicycle projects
Buildings	(i) Vision and infrastructure for smart city plans; (ii) Municipality support for innovation; (iii) Heat insulation for current buildings	(i) Financial resources; (ii) Growth rate of the city; (iii) Experienced staff members; (iv) Action plan: no strategy for urban transformation; (v) University cooperation; (vi) Geographical information system; (vii) Reconstruction controls; (viii) Local energy performance certificate regulation; (ix) Environmental impact analysis	(i) Sustainable design standards for new residential areas; (ii) Renovation of current buildings with low emission technologies; (iii) Urban energy transformation; (iv) Energy efficient lighting systems for current buildings; (v) North Anatolia fault line	(i) Illegal housing; (ii) Agricultural land; (iii) Local interest in urban energy transformation; (iv) Uncontrolled industrial shift from Kocaeli and İstanbul
Renewable energy	(i) Energy efficient street lighting; (ii) Sustainable energy from organic waste materials: one operating integrated solid waste management system; (iii) Heat and electricity production from current landfill area regular waste (electronic, oil, battery, and tie) collection; (iv) Student awareness	(i) Renewable and low carbon energy transform in residential areas; (ii) Investment costs; (iii) Rapid growth in urbanization and energy demand	(i) Renewable energy applications in municipal buildings and subsidiaries; (ii) Renewable energy trade agreement; (iii) Cooperation between municipality and university; (iv) Midterm and long term energy transform strategies with infrastructure companies; (v) Sustainable energy potential from organic waste; (vi) Interaction of students with their social environment; (vii) Experts in renewable energy from local universities	(i) Growth rate of natural gas demand for heating; (ii) Increase in bagless, unpermitted coal demand; (iii) Quality of coal available in the market; (iv) Experienced staff for special waste collection; (v) Social awareness