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| Author | Methodology | Outcome | Type of cooling technique |
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| Abdollahi and Rahimi [14] | Integration of PCM at the back of the PV module | The nano-composed PCM is more efficient than the plain PCM. The nano-composed oil showed the highest efficiency of 44.74, 46.63, and 48.23% at the solar irradiation of 410, 530, and 690 W/m2, respectively | Passive cooling |
| Arifin et al. [15] | Cooling effect of fins on PV modules | This study showed that 15 fins made of copper showed the highest decrease in temperature (10.2°C) and efficiency (2.74%) | Passive cooling |
| Lubon et al. [16] | Effect of two active water-cooling methods; water film and water spray | It is seen that water film obtained better results than water spray with a 19.1% increase in power from the reference rather than 9.3% (water film) | Active cooling |
| Hadipour et al. [17] | Efficiency of PV module using active water cooling using steady spray water, pulsed-spray water cooling | The results show that the maximum electrical power output of the PV panel increases about 33.3% by using steady-spray water cooling | Active cooling |
| Liu et al. [18] | Experiment using different tube designs, tube diameters, water inlet temperature, and flow velocity | The average surface temperature of PVs decreases as tube diameter and flow velocity increase, while tube spacing and water inlet temperature decrease | Active PVT cooling |
| Rajasekar et al. [19] | Integrating coconut coir into the PVT system while using earthen pot water to flow through the system | The results show that using earthen pot water to cool the coir pith increased the overall efficiency by 64%. The temperature of the pot water is 5–8°C lower than the surrounding air temperature | PVT with biomaterial |
| Shahsavar et al. [20] | PVT system with sheet-, plain serpentine tube, rifled serpentine tube, grooved serpentine tube collector, finned and unfinned collector | PVT systems achieved better performance compared to the PV module without cooling | Active cooling (magnetite nanoparticles) |
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