A Hybrid Energy Storage System Strategy for Smoothing Photovoltaic Power Fluctuation Based on Improved HHO-VMD

Table 3

Related parameters of the energy storage system.

Performance index	BAT	SC
Power cost coefficient (CNY/kW)	1500	1500
Capacity cost coefficient (CNY/(kWh))	1000	27000
Operational cost coefficient (CNY/(kWh))	0.05	0.05
Charge discharge efficiency (%)	80	90
SOC upper and lower limits	(0.2, 0.8)	(0.05, 0.95)
Discount rate (%)	10	0