International Journal of Pediatrics

Research Article

Developmental Changes in Hemodynamic Responses and Cardiovagal Modulation during Isometric Handgrip Exercise

Table 3

Cardiovagal modulation and baroreflex sensitivity in response to isometric handgrip exercise.
ParametersBaselineHandgrip Exercise
ObtainedAdjusted
RR-interval, msec
 Young adults 8 7 9 ± 2 4 7 4 3 ± 1 8 ∗ 6 8 9 ± 1 8
 Children 7 2 7 ± 2 6 6 6 0 ± 2 0 ∗ † 7 2 2 ± 1 9
l n T P , msec2
 Young adults 8 . 2 ± 0 . 1 7 . 6 ± 0 . 2 ∗ 7 . 4 ± 0 . 2
 Children 8 . 4 ± 0 . 1 7 . 9 ± 0 . 1 ∗ 8 . 0 ± 0 . 3
l n H F , msec2
 Young adults 6 . 1 ± 0 . 2 6 . 0 ± 0 . 2 ∗ 6 . 1 ± 0 . 3
 Children 6 . 9 ± 0 . 2 6 . 3 ± 0 . 2 ∗ † 6 . 3 ± 0 . 3
CC V H F
 Young adults 2 . 7 ± 0 . 3 3 . 0 ± 0 . 3 3 . 4 ± 0 . 6
 Children 4 . 8 ± 0 . 3 3 . 8 ± 0 . 4 † 3 . 4 ± 0 . 7
RMSSD, msec
 Young adults 4 7 . 0 ± 5 . 1 4 0 . 4 ± 4 . 7 ∗ 4 0 . 6 ± 7 . 9
 Children 6 4 . 3 ± 5 . 9 4 2 . 7 ± 5 . 4 ∗ 4 1 . 4 ± 8 . 6
CVS, %
 Young adults 5 . 2 ± 0 . 5 5 . 5 ± 0 . 7 ∗ 5 . 7 ± 1 . 2
 Children 8 . 8 ± 0 . 6 6 . 4 ± 0 . 8 ∗ † 5 . 9 ± 1 . 3
l n B R S , msec/mmHg
 Young adults 2 . 6 0 ± 0 . 0 9 2 . 2 6 ± 0 . 1 1 2 . 3 8 ± 0 . 1 5
 Children 2 . 8 5 ± 0 . 1 0 2 . 6 0 ± 0 . 1 2 2 . 4 4 ± 0 . 1 6
Means ± SE. ∗ 𝑃 < . 0 5 , responses to IHG are different from baseline (main effect); † 𝑃 < . 0 5 , task by group interaction.
ln natural logarithm; TP: total power; HF: high frequency; CCV: coefficient of component variance; RMSSD: the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent R-R intervals; CVS: coefficient of variation; BRS: baroreflex sensitivity.