The Quality of Life of a Multidiagnosis Group of Special Needs Children: Associations and Costs

Table 8

Mean 6-month cost of child use of Health and Social Services by Psychosocial Quality of Life.

	Psychosocial Problems				Test Statistic: Kruskal
	≥3 (𝑛=175)		<3 (𝑛=254)		Wallis Test
	Mean	S.D.	Mean	S.D.	χ ^2	𝑃
Direct Costs
Primary Care Provider visits
(a) Family Physician/Walk in Clinic (Primary care)	70.22	101.79	65.48	104.91	1.206	.272
(b) Emergency Room visits	52.6	143.8	69.82	156.17	2.235	.135
(c) 911 calls	0.13	1.76	0.55	3.55	2.065	.151
(d) Ambulance Service	1.37	18.14	7.56	42	3.345	.067
Primary Care Provider Services	124.32	193.84	143.41	219.11	0.005	.946
Physician Specialist visits
(e) Adolescent Medicine Allergist	0.95	12.62	0.88	6.94	0.887	.346
(f) Cardiologist	2.43	13.6	4.55	29.98	0.433	.51
(g) Dermatologist	0.41	3.81	0.14	2.24	0.835	.361
(h) Ears/Nose/Throat Specialist	9.75	25.94	8.21	20.1	0.119	.73
(i) Endocrinologist	2.3	15.91	3.43	20.8	0.287	.592
(j) Gastroentologist	3.12	18.73	1.2	10.04	0.86	.354
(m) Hematologist or Oncologist	0	0	0.22	3.49	0.689	.407
(n) Nephrologist	2.78	21.42	3.59	27.58	0.091	.763
(o) Neurosurgeon Orthopedics/Neurologist	3.07	17.35	0.53	5.94	3.967	.046
(p) Ophthalmologist	20.83	65.7	22.96	63.43	0.819	.366
(q) Pediatrician	8.27	29.52	13.24	30.74	6.221	.013
(r) Psychiatrist	61.55	105.34	90.49	349.02	0.436	.509
(s) Respirologist	17.73	124.54	4.74	33.67	3.238	.072
(t) Rheumatologist	2.43	18.83	5.74	39.65	2.183	.14
(u) Rehabilitation Doctor	7.64	92.04	0.96	15.25	1.945	.163
(v) Surgeon (general, dental)	0.36	4.71	0	0	1.451	.228
(w) Surgeon (orthopedic)	1.77	10.97	1.39	10.3	0.106	.745
(x) Surgeon (neurological)	4.12	22.38	6.89	29.57	2.112	.146
(y) Other health professional visit cost	0.69	9.19	1.44	13.15	0.895	.344
Physician Specialist cost	59.11	171.06	48.68	147.85	0.029	.866
Other Health and/or Social services providers
(a) Physiotherapist	221.09	633.74	431.51	1028.1	9.94	.002
(b) Massage Therapist	29.37	239.68	10.2	118.61	0.993	.319
(c) Occupational Therapist	485.35	1197.5	436.86	997.59	0.029	.865
(d) Speech Language Pathologist	606.55	1313.6	427.56	822.96	0.007	.933
(e) Chiropractor	32.67	165.83	4.19	30.44	7.505	.006
(f) Psychologist	61.81	307.15	21.75	94.68	0.832	.362
(g) Podiatrist/Chiropodist	7.77	45.81	4.35	54.58	3.584	.058
(h) Nutritionist/Dietician	14.47	73.72	41.19	167.53	4.267	.039
(i) Nurse Practitioner	10.02	132.49	3.82	37.44	1.44	.23
(j) Visiting Nurses (Home Care/PHN/VON/SEN)	254.03	2541.4	438.7	3615.2	1.686	.194
(k) Private Nurse	0	0	279.21	4123.7	1.381	.24
(l) Optometrist	36.91	176.35	18.33	42.88	2.881	.09
(m) Dentist	141	157.77	118.85	137.63	3.835	.05
(n) Social Worker	39.39	279.19	22.25	101.95	0.234	.628
(o) Children’s Aid Worker	2.01	19.08	16.3	213.98	0.002	.961
(p) Adolescence/School Counselor	6.84	61.15	0	0	4.375	.036
(q) Family Counselor	16.76	142.55	1.81	24.96	2.771	.096
(r) Mental Health Counselor	29.87	273.42	1.61	25.73	1.958	.162
(s) Homemaker/Personal Support Worker	256.35	1549.7	991.01	7655.1	3.943	.047
(t) Child/Daycare	389.22	1467.4	706.49	3476.4	1.623	.203
(u) Subsidized Daycare	38.73	425.73	52.78	396.89	0.873	.35
(v) Naturopath/Homeopath	8.1	45.57	6.48	40.11	1.016	.313
(w) Complementary Therapy	0.54	5.4	21.26	211.77	0.152	.697
(aa) Police	1.37	14.32	0	0	2.91	.088
(dd) Social and Recreation Programs	316.35	876.32	233.28	533.16	1.424	.233
(ee) Community Support Programs	8.83	108.05	14.41	129.08	0.137	.711
(ff) Special Education Services	1226.2	1448.1	995.43	1362.8	2.34	.126
(gg) Other Special Education Supports	140.37	391.31	145.7	657.27	0.312	.576
(hh) Others Social and Health providers	1264.7	5597.9	758.45	2663.1	0.512	.474
Other Health and Social providers	5646.6	8389.6	6203.8	11640	0.032	.857
Community Support Services
(a) Groups/Peer Support	0.37	2.84	0	0	5.847	.016
(c) Transportation Services	11.43	45.59	12.2	46.45	0.22	.639
Other community Support Services	42.2	174.66	29.46	126.15	0.057	.811
Total Community Support Services	54	178.05	41.65	131.72	0.031	.861
Outpatient lab tests
(a) Blood	20.47	75.74	16.39	44.15	0.137	.711
(b) Specimens	5.14	31.63	3.42	12.71	0.152	.697
(c) Scopes	0	0	0.61	9.74	0.689	.407
(d) X-rays	5.38	15.49	8.01	27.67	0.061	.805
(e) Scans	6.77	29.36	7.18	30.57	0.055	.814
(f) Breathing tests	0.82	5.95	0.97	5.37	0.857	.355
(g) ECG	0.79	4.43	0.62	4.27	0.421	.516
(h) EEG	2.94	14.06	1.35	8.69	1.618	.203
(i) EMG	0	0	1.2	13.54	1.381	.24
(l) Other outpatient tests	14.77	52.54	15.13	59.08	0.017	.896
Outpatient laboratory tests	57.09	160.66	54.88	105.6	0.258	.611
Medications, treatments and Supplies/Aids
Medication	490.11	1927.5	338	963.52	0.127	.721
Treatment costs total	23.71	183.61	115.52	1714.9	0.032	.859
Supply and device cost	342.61	1329.5	1100.5	7090	2.299	.129
Medication, treatments, supplies, device, aids	856.43	2440.7	1554	7536.4	0.003	.956
Direct Costs excluding Hospital stay, Day surgery
Direct Costs excluding Hospital	6947.8	9281	8217	14542	0.019	.891
Hospital, Day surgery facility
Hospital Cost	333.13	2273.4	359.24	1950.3	0.719	.397
Day Surgery Facility Stay cost	11.43	51.26	16.54	55.19	1.505	.22
Respite	475.37	1642.4	425.57	1610	0.338	.561
Direct Costs including Hospital stay, Day surgery
Total Direct Costs including Hospital/respite	7767.7	9817.2	9018.4	14992	0.175	.676