Intervention group: . ALL receiving maintenance therapy. 8 males. Mean age at the time of the study: 7.6 (range, 4.3–10.6) yrs. Control group: . 12 males. Mean age at the time of the study: 8.6 (range 5.1–15.8) yrs
Intervention: five sessions (20 to 60 minutes immediately after initial testing, and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks later) of PT (stretching and strengthening exercises, supervised) and an individualized home-based exercise program (bilateral ankle dorsiflexion stretching for 30 sec 5 days per week, bilateral lower extremity strengthening 3 sets, 3 days per week, and aerobic exercises). Control: no instructions related to physical fitness and no PT intervention. Duration: 16 weeks, during treatment.
Hemoglobin level (−), ankle dorsiflexion strength (−), TUDs (−), 9-minute walk-run (−), and QOL (−). Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (active) and knee extension strength increased in intervention group from before to after test.
Intervention group: . Children and adolescents with cancer. 9 males. Mean age at the time of the study: 13.0 (range 8.5–17.4) yrs Control group: . 3 males. Mean age at the time of the study: 11.9 (range 7.4–18.1) yrs
Intervention: enhanced physical activity (pedaling a stationary bike-style exerciser, 30 minutes, twice daily during brief hospitalization). Control: standard care. Duration: 2–4 days, during treatment.
Intervention group: . Children receiving maintenance therapy for ALL. 3 males. Mean age at the time of the study: 7.2 ± 0.7 yrs. Control group: . 4 males. Mean age at the time of the study: 5.9 ± 0.7 yrs.
Intervention: an individualized exercise program (three 15–20-minute sessions of moderate-to-vigorous activity per week) and nutritional education. Control: received standard diet recommendation and performed activity as tolerated. Duration: 12 months, enhanced physical activity program
Nutrient intake (−), height (−), weight (−), or BMI (−) between intervention and control groups. No intervention effect for upper body strength (push-up completed) or flexibility (sit and reach distance). Self-reported PA (+) and a cardiovascular fitness (+).
Intervention group: . Children with ALL. 14 boys. Median age at the time of the study: 5.3 (range 1.3–15.6) yrs. Control group: . 16 boys. Median age at the time of the study: 6.2 (range 1.7–17.1) yrs.
Intervention: preventive PT program (weekly strengthening and stretching exercise and short-burst high-intensity exercise in BMD twice per week). Control: standard care. Duration: 2 years, during treatment.
Percentage of body fat (−) or less body mass (−). BMD decreased significantly in both groups between the start and end of treatment. Motor performance (−) or ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (−) between groups.
*(+) to indicate a significant effect; (−) to indicate no significant effect/change. ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; BMD: bone mineral density; BMI: body mass index; PA: physical activity; PT: physical therapy; QOL: quality of life; TUDs: time up and down stair test.
