A Pilot Study of Ketamine versus Midazolam/Fentanyl Sedation in Children Undergoing GI Endoscopy

Table 2

Median percent time spent by patients receiving either midazolam/fentanyl or ketamine sedation in each behavioral state (𝑁=37).

OSUBRS  measure	Behavioral state	Midazolam/fentanyl	Ketamine	𝑃^∗
		Median, (IQR)	Median, (IQR)
		Range	Range
A	Nonvocalizing, nonmoving, nonrestrained	90.1 (67.7, 97.8); 17.8–99.9	74.5 (62.8, 85.8); 46.2–99.4	.067
B	Nonvocalizing, moving, nonrestrained	4.5 (1.7, 8.4); 0–30.9	11.7 (5.6, 21.7); 0–40.4	.023
C	Nonvocalizing, moving, restrained	0.2 (0, 1.6); 0–30.1	0.8 (0, 8.5); 0–46.4	.302
D	Vocalizing, nonmoving, nonrestrained	0.6 (0.1, 3.4); 0–41.0	0 (0, 2.6); 0–7.6	.180
E	Vocalizing, moving, nonrestrained	0.7 (0, 2.8); 0–13.7	1.1 (0, 3.8); 0–11.2	.609
F	Vocalizing, moving, restrained	0 (0, 0.6); 0–34.2	0 (0, 1.0); 0–6.4	.893

∗Wilcoxon rank-sum test.