Induced Sputum Substance P in Children with Difficult-to-Treat Bronchial Asthma and Gastroesophageal Reflux: Effect of Esomeprazole Therapy

Table 1

Demographic data, associated comorbidities, FEV₁, PEF variability, and induced sputum SP in patients and control group.

	Asthmatic (𝑛=59)	Control (𝑛=50)	t	P
Age	8.2±1.85	8.0±1.7	0.4	>0.05
BMI	18.4±1.4	20.6±2.3	6.9	<0.001*
M/F	1.1 : 1	1.2 : 1	0.2	>0.05
Age at diagnosis	4.7±1.5	—	—	—
Associated nasal allergy	35 (59%)	4 (8%)
Atopic dermatitis	24 (41%)	3 (6%)
Immediate family history of asthma	40 (68%)	2 (4%)
Smoking parents	13 (22.03%)	12 (24%)
Long-acting β-agonists	59 (100%)
High-dose inhaled corticosteroids	59 (100%)
leukotriene modifiers	41 (69.49%)
Theophylline	35 (59.32%)
Blood eosinophils (%)	5.9±2.1	2.02±0.9	12.5	<0.001*
FEV1 (% of predicted)	58.4±6.98	99.4±5.8	30.6	<0.001*
PEF variability (%)	40.2±4.9	13.2±2.2	34.3	<0.001*
Sputum SP (pg/mL)	1320.9±288.9	584.0±43.9	17.6	<0.001*

BMI: body mass index; EFV₁: forced expiratory volume in the 1st second; PEF variability: peak expiratory flow variability; sputum SP: sputum levels of substance P.
* 𝑃<0.05 is significant.