Perinatal Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Preschool-Age Children in the United States: An Analysis of 1999–2008 NHANES Data

Table 3

Sample, estimated national characteristics, and range of values for measurements in 3,644 3-to-6-year-olds in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2008.

	𝑁	Weighted 𝑁	Mean	95% CI
Total sample	3,644	14,535,068	4.52	4.48–4.57
Anthropometrics
BMI (kg/m^2)	3,555	14,165,622	16.30	16.20–16.39
Waist Circumference (cm)	3,456	13,795,833	53.86	53.56–54.17
CVD risk factor
C-reactive protein (mg/dL)	2,521	9,679,388	0.16	0.13–0.19
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	1,754	6,895,867	161.88	160.07–163.68
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	1,752	6,885,787	51.95	51.18–52.72
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	1,751	6,884,098	20.8	17.9–23.6
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	625	5,807,247	92.75	90.58–94.92
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	626	5,811,466	84.87	78.37–91.37
Prenatal, infant, and social risk factor	𝑁	Weighted 𝑁	Percent	95% CI
Breastfed	3,628	14,485,571	64.8	61.7–67.9
Solid food <6 months	3,594	14,340,199	42.0	39.4–44.5
Smoking while pregnant	3,626	14,459,865	17.4	14.9–19.8
Low birth weight	3,343	13,299,081	9.7	8.1–11.3
Poverty income ratio <1	3,378	13,649,782	25.3	23.0–27.6
Poverty income ratio <2	3,378	13,649,782	51.6	48.2–55.0
CVD risk factor	𝑁	Weighted 𝑁	Percent	95% CI
BMI ≥85 %ile for age, sex	3,555	14,165,622	24.5	22.6–26.3
BMI ≥95 %ile for age, sex	3,555	14,165,622	12.7	11.3–14.1
Waist circumference^1	3,456	13,795,833	20.7	18.8–22.6
C-reactive protein^1	2,521	9,679,388	21.0	18.9–23.0
Total cholesterol^1	1,754	6,895,867	21.0	18.6–23.5
HDL cholesterol^2	1,752	6,885,787	18.3	15.7–20.8
LDL cholesterol^1	625	5,807,247	23.3	19.2–27.4
Triglyceride^1	626	5,811,466	21.8	16.9–26.8

¹Highest quintile
²Lowest quintile