International Journal of Pediatrics

Research Article

Postnatal Acute Famine and Risk of Overweight: The Dutch Hungerwinter Study

Table 2

BMI: means, (un)adjusted differences, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for women of all ages combined and within each of the three exposure age categories: 0–9 years, 10–17 years, and ≥18 years who reported to be moderately or severely exposed to famine compared to those who reported to be unexposed to famine.


	Number of subjects	Mean (SD)	Crude model		Multivariable model 1		Multivariable model 2
	Number of subjects	Mean (SD)	Mean difference^†	95% CI	Mean difference^†	95% CI	Mean difference^†	95% CI

All ages
Unexposed	3.672	26.0 (4.0)	reference	—	reference	—	reference	—
Moderately exposed	3.074	26.3 (4.0)	0.28	0.09 to 0.48	0.29	0.10 to 0.48	0.34	0.14 to 0.55
Severely exposed	1.335	26.3 (4.2)	0.32	0.07 to 0.57	0.21	−0.05 to 0.46	0.25	−0.02 to 0.52
P for trend			0.002		0.02		0.009
Age at famine categories
0 to 9 years
Unexposed	2.147	25.6 (3.9)	reference	—	reference	—	reference	—
Moderately exposed	1.609	25.9 (4.0)	0.25	−0.00 to 0.51	0.33	0.07 to 0.59	0.37	0.10 to 0.64
Severely exposed	664	26.2 (4.3)	0.60	0.25 to 0.95	0.48	0.13 to 0.83	0.44	0.07 to 0.82
P for trend			<0.001		0.002		0.004
10 to 17 years
Unexposed	1.343	26.5 (4.0)	reference	—	reference	—	reference	—
Moderately exposed	1.246	26.7 (4.0)	0.18	−0.13 to 0.49	0.23	−0.08 to 0.54	0.31	−0.02 to 0.64
Severely exposed	585	26.4 (4.0)	−0.18	−0.57 to 0.20	−0.12	−0.51 to 0.27	−0.02	−0.44 to 0.40
P for trend			0.63		0.91		0.64
≥18 years
Unexposed	182	26.9 (4.3)	reference	—	reference	—	reference	—
Moderately exposed	219	27.1 (4.5)	0.18	−0.67 to 1.03	0.49	−0.38 to 1.36	0.41	−0.52 to 1.34
Severely exposed	86	27.1 (3.8)	0.25	−0.86 to 1.35	0.44	−0.67 to 1.56	0.75	−0.42 to 1.93
P for trend			0.63		0.34		0.19

^†Mean difference as compared to those who reported to be unexposed to famine.
for interaction age at famine * famine exposure: 0.02.
Multivariable model 1: adjusted for age at start of the famine (October 1, 1944), smoking (pack years), alcohol intake (g/day), and level of education (3 categories: low, intermediate, and high).
Multivariable model 2: adjusted for age at start of the famine (October 1, 1944), smoking (pack years), alcohol intake (g/day), level of education (3 categories: low, intermediate, and high), and total energy intake (kcal), among the subgroup of women with reliable energy intake according to Goldberg’s equation.