Research Article
Danger Signs of Childhood Pneumonia: Caregiver Awareness and Care Seeking Behavior in a Developing Country
Table 2
Maternal sociodemographic parameters and association with pneumonia-related knowledge and care seeking behavior.
| | Variables | Causes of pneumonia | Knowledge ≥1 danger signs
of pneumonia | Knowledge of
pneumonia vaccine | Child vaccinated with PCV | Where care was sought
for child with signs of pneumonia | | Correct | Incorrect | | | Yes | No | | | Yes | No | | | Yes | No | | | Hosp | Self | Other | | | | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) | (%) |
| | Age (years) | 14 | 408 | 422 | | 291 | 153 | 444 | | 212 | 95 | 307 | | 181 | 120 | 301 | | 157 | 74 | 12 | 243 | | | 20–30 | 4 (3) | 147 (97) | 151 | .04 | 96 (61) | 62 (39) | 158 | .09 | 71 (62) | 43 (38) | 114 | .10 | 58 (75) | 79 (25) | 137 | .09 | 47 (65) | 23 (32) | 2 (3) | 72 | .73 | | 31–40 | 8 (7) | 109 (93) | 117 | 76 (63) | 44 (37) | 120 | 64 (76) | 20 (24) | 84 | 57 (84) | 11 (16) | 68 | 49 (67) | 21 (29) | 3 (4) | 73 | | >40 | 2 (1) | 152 (99) | 154 | 119 (72) | 47 (28) | 166 | 77 (71) | 32 (29) | 109 | 66 (69) | 30 (31) | 96 | 61 (62) | 30 (31) | 7 (7) | 98 |
| | Education | 18 | 421 | 439 | | 301 | 160 | 461 | | 213 | 102 | 315 | | 181 | 69 | 250 | | 159 | 77 | 13 | 249 | | | Tertiary | 10 (13) | 66 (87) | 76 | .00 | 42 (55) | 34 (45) | 76 | .04 | 30 (65) | 16 (35) | 46 | .00 | 23 (66) | 12 (34) | 35 | .01 | 19 (70) | 8 (30) | 0 (0) | 27 | .00 | | Secondary | 3 (3) | 101 (97) | 104 | 69 (64) | 38 (36) | 107 | 36 (51) | 35 (49) | 71 | 26 (61) | 17 (39) | 43 | 31 (60) | 21 (40) | 0 (0) | 52 | | Primary | 4 (3) | 133 (97) | 137 | 105 (74) | 37 (26) | 142 | 83 (75) | 28 (25) | 111 | 76 (84) | 14 (16) | 90 | 62 (68) | 28 (30) | 2 (2) | 92 | | None | 1 (1) | 121 (99) | 122 | 85 (62) | 51 (38) | 136 | 64 (74) | 23 (26) | 87 | 56 (68) | 26 (32) | 82 | 47 (60) | 20 (26) | 11 (14) | 78 |
| | 18 | 426 | 444 | | 302 | 162 | 466 | | 218 | 102 | 320 | | 185 | 69 | 254 | | 162 | 68 | 13 | 253 | | | Upper | 11 (11) | 92 (89) | 103 | .00 | 56 (56) | 45 (44) | 103 | .09 | 37 (60) | 25 (40) | 62 | .05 | 28 (64) | 16 (36) | 44 | .19 | 26 (70) | 11 (30) | 0 (0) | 37 | .34 | | Middle | 3 (4) | 77 (96) | 80 | 55 (66) | 28 (34) | 83 | 37 (61) | 24 (39) | 61 | 28 (68) | 13 (32) | 41 | 29 (63) | 16 (35) | 1 (2) | 46 | | Lower | 4 (2) | 257 (98) | 261 | 191 (68) | 89 (32) | 280 | 144 (73) | 53 (27) | 197 | 129 (76) | 40 (24) | 169 | 107 (63) | 51 (30) | 12 (7) | 170 |
| | Number of children | 16 | 392 | 408 | | 276 | 150 | 426 | | 202 | 92 | 294 | | 167 | 63 | 230 | | 152 | 70 | 12 | 234 | | | None | 2 (15) | 11 (85) | 13 | .07 | 6 (43) | 8 (57) | 14 | .10 | 2 (50) | 2 (50) | 4 | .27 | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 | .42 | 3 (75) | 1 (25) | 0 (0) | 4 | .76 | | 0–4 | 10 (4) | 225 (96) | 235 | 155 (63) | 91 (37) | 246 | 109 (66) | 57 (34) | 166 | 86 (69) | 38 (31) | 124 | 82 (68) | 33 (28) | 5 (4) | 120 | | >4 | 4 (3) | 156 (97) | 160 | 115 (69) | 51 (31) | 166 | 91 (73) | 33 (27) | 124 | 80 (76) | 25 (24) | 105 | 67 (61) | 36 (33) | 7 (6) | 110 |
| | Residence | 18 | 426 | 444 | | 304 | 162 | 466 | | 218 | 102 | 320 | | 185 | 69 | 254 | | 162 | 78 | 13 | 253 | | | Rural | 6 (2) | 293 (98) | 317 | .02 | 179 (56) | 140 (44) | 319 | .00 | 122 (53) | 109 (47) | 231 | .00 | 150 (77) | 45 (23) | 195 | .01 | 127 (65) | 54 (28) | 13 (7) | 194 | .04 | | Semiurban | 12 (8) | 133 (92) | 147 | 103 (70) | 44 (30) | 147 | 66 (74) | 23 (26) | 89 | 35 (59) | 24 (41) | 59 | 35 (59) | 24 (41) | 0 (0) | 59 |
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WHO|UNICEF recognized danger signs; PCV: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; Hosp: Private/Public Hospital; self: self-medication; other: mainly traditional/spiritual medications; SEC: socioeconomic class.
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