Factors Associated with Klebsiella Bacteremia and Its Outcome in Under-Five Children Admitted with Diarrhea

Table 1

Characteristics of under-five diarrheal children with (cases) and without (controls) Klebsiella bacteremia at hospitalization and their outcome during hospitalization.

Characteristics	Culture positive; = 30; (%)	Culture negative; = 90; (%)	OR (95% CI)
Young age (<12 months)	24 (80)	53 (59)	2.79 (1.00–8.5)	0.037
Male	19 (63)	53 (60)	1.14 (0.45–2.93)	0.933
Duration of diarrhea in days (median IQR)	4 (2.00–7.00)	3 (2.00–5.00)	—	0.193
Antibiotics prior to admission	28 (97)	67 (78)	0.13 (0.01–0.97)	0.05
Severe dehydration	6 (20)	4 (5)	5.25 (1.18–24.56)	0.017
Fever (≥38°C)	8 (27)	47 (53)	0.32 (0.14–0.87)	0.023
Abnormal mentation	25 (83)	41 (57)	5.48 (1.92–15.67)	<0.001
Systolic BP (mean ± SD)	86 ± 13	93 ± 19	—	0.218
Diastolic BP (mean ± SD)	53 ± 11	55 ± 14	—	0.799
Hypotension	3/17 (18)	5/29 (17)	1.03 (0.16–6.15)	1.00
Fast breathing	9 (30)	46 (52)	0.4 (0.15–1.05)	0.064
SpO2 (mean ± SD)	96.70 ± 3.08	96.56 ± 3.41	—	0.847
Creatinine (mean ± SD)	49.80 ± 39.59	42.80 ± 45.91	—	0.250
Severe wasting	13 (59)	19 (26)	4.18 (1.39–12.81)	0.007
Severe underweight	21 (72)	46 (55)	2.16 (0.8–6.04)	0.151
Vibrio cholerae	1 (3)	3 (3)	0.33 (0.01–3.92)	0.614
Shigella	5 (17)	5 (6)	0.34 (0.08–1.4)	0.132
Positive stool culture	13 (43)	10 (11)	6.12 (2.08–18.28)	<0.001
HAI	11 (37)	2 (2)	25.47 (5.21–124.43)	<0.001
Death	12 (40)	3 (3)	19.33 (4.41–97.31)	<0.001

Figures represent (total number), unless specified. OR: odds ratio. CI: confidence interval. IQR: interquartile range. SD: standard deviation. SpO₂: transcutaneously measured blood oxygen concentration. HAI: hospital acquired infection.