Timing of Caffeine Therapy and Neonatal Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Study

Table 3

Neonatal outcomes of infants receiving early caffeine (1-2 DOL) and all infants with caffeine ≥3 DOL.

	Early caffeine; (1-2 DOL)	Caffeine after day 3; (≥3 DOL)	p value
	85	65
GA (wks)	26.34 1.84	26.28 1.89
BW (g)	891.78 227.50	888.08 239.72
Sex (female/male)	38/47 (44.7%, 55.3%)	37/28 (56.9%, 43.1%)
Short-term clinical assessment
Duration of NICU stay	79.79 30.51	75.72 27.64
BPD	23 (27.1%)	23 (35.1%)
ROP requiring surgery	7 (8.2%)	2 (3.1%)
RDS	65 (76.5%)	51 (78.5%)
PDA	41 (48.2%)	37 (56.9%)
PDA requiring ligation	4 (4.7%)	4 (6.2%)
Necrotizing enterocolitis	8 (9.4%)	8 (12.3%)
PVL	4 (4.7%)	2 (3.1%)

DOL, days of life; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia.