|
| PRIMARY |
| (i) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
| (ii) Congenital adrenal hypoplasia due to gene mutations (e.g. DAX-1, SF1 mutations) |
| (iii) Peroxisome defects (adrenoleukodystrophy [childhood or neonatal], Zellweger syndrome) |
| (iv) Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage of the newborn |
| (v) Adrenal hemorrhage of acute infection (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) |
| (vi) Autoimmune adrenalitis (isolated or part of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 and 2) |
| (vii) Infection (e.g. tuberculosis, fungal infection, human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus) |
| (viii) Triple A syndrome or Allgrove syndrome (alacrimia, achalasia, adrenal insufficiency) |
| (ix) Adrenal unresponsiveness to ACTH due to gene mutations |
| (x) Familial glucocorticoid deficiency |
| (xi) Drug effects (mitotane, ketoconazole, aminoglutethimide, metyrapone, megestrol, rifampin) |
| SECONDARY (CENTRAL) |
| (i) Congenital |
| (a) Septo-optic dysplasia |
| (b) Pituitary aplasia/hypoplasia |
| (c) Agenesis of corticotrophs |
| (d) POMC |
| (ii) Acquired |
| (a) Trauma |
| (b) Brain tumor (craniopharyngioma) |
| (c) Lymphocytic hypophysitis |
| (d) Surgery |
| (e) Cranial irradiation |
| (f) Infiltrative disease (hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, Langerhans cell histiocytosis) |
| (g) Steroid withdrawal after prolonged administration |
|
