Trends and Determinants of Underweight among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: Data from EDHS

Table 1

Percent distribution of under-five children, maternal and household characteristics: Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey of 2000, 2005, 2011, and 2016.

Characteristics	2000 ()	2005 ()	2011 ()	2016 ()
Prevalence (%)	41	33	29	24
Children gender(%)
Female	48.6	48.6	45.6	45.9
Birth interval in months
First birth	14.9	13.6	17.4	16.2
7-17	6.4	6.4	7.4	9.8
18-23	9.5	11.9	9.9	10.3
24-35	32.7	33.3	31.3	30.1
36-47	20.9	20.8	18.8	16.5
48-59	9.3	8.1	8.2	8.2
60+	6.3	5.9	7.0	9.0
Breastfeeding (yes as ref.)
No	76.4	79.6	73.7	70
Had diarrhea recently (yes as ref.)
No	29	22	17	15.2
Place of residence (%)
Rural	92.8	95.5	92.8	93.3
Region (%)
Amhara	28.7	27.1	25.6	24.2
Afar	1	0.9	1.4	1.4
Tigray	7	7.8	8.3	6.6
Oromia	37.2	36	38.9	41.5
Benishangul-Gumuz	0.9	1.2	1.3	1.6
Dire-Dawa	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.5
SNNPR	23.4	20.5	20.4	18.2
Harari	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somalia	0.7	5.4	3	5
Gambella	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2
Addis ababa	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mother’s age (year)
<20	3.1	3.6	3.7	3.3
20-24	19	18.4	18.2	18.4
25-29	26	26.8	32.3	29.3
30-34	22.5	22	21.5	23.8
35-39	17	18.5	14.1	16.2
40-44	8.9	7.3	8.2	6.8
45-49	3.5	3.2	2	2.2
Mother’s education status/mother
No education	86	84	75.1	75.8
Primary	11	14.5	23.8	20.9
Secondary	2.9	1.49	0.9	2.3
Higher	0.1	0.01	0.2	1
Mother currently working
No	58	25.8	32.8	26.1
Socioeconomic status (SES)
Poorest		24.7	28.1	30.4
Poorer		25.3	25.3	26.8
Middle		20.8	21	20.6
Richer		17.9	17.8	13.3
Richest		11.3	7.7	8.9
Sources of drinking water
Piped	2.8	1.5	0.9	0.8
Borehole/well	87.5	16.3	14.9	24.3
Surface/rain/pond/lake/tank	0.01	30.6	59.3	50.7
Others	11.49	52.2	24.3	22.2
Type of toilet facility
Flush	0.1	1.6	1.1	0.8
Pit latrine	11.4	25.4	42.9	51.7
No facility	88.5	73	56	47.5
Husband/partner’s education level
No education	70.1	62.3	57.9	57.8
Primary	22.5	29.7	39.19	35.2
Secondary	6.8	6.6	2.9	5.3
Higher	0.6	12.4	0.01	1.7
BMI of mothers (%)
Normal (18-5-24.9)	12.6	10.7	12.2	1
Too thin for their height (<18.5),	6.3	6.5	7.6	8.73
Overweight (25-29.9)	80	80.3	77.9	79.7
Obese (>+30))	1	2.5	2.3	11