| | Predictors of neonatal mortality among neonates treated in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of SSA. | | Predictors | Included studies | HR (95% CI) | Pooled HR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity |
| | Low Apgar score | Dessu et al., 2019 | 4.8 (3.61, 9.87) | 3.47 (2.53, 4.41) | , | | Asmare & Mekonnen, 2018 | 3.83 (2.70, 5.44) | | Alebel et al., 2020 | 2.70 (1.50, 4.80) | | Kahsay et al., 2020 | 3.13 (1.43, 6.86) | | No BF in 1 hour | Dessu et al., 2019 | 1.79 (1.09, 2.96) | 3.77 (1.44, 6.10) | , | | Mengesha et al., 2016 | 21.63 (12.82, 36.49) | | Orsido et al., 2019 | 7.42 (4.73, 11.64) | | Alebel et al., 2020 | 2.00 (1.30, 3.20 | | Multiple births | Dessu et al., 2019 | 2.40 (1.19, 4.93 | 3.92 (2.64, 5.37) | , | | Orsido et al., 2019 | 4.43 (3.24, 6.07) | | Mengistu et al., 2020 | 5.68 (2.95, 6.73) | | Kahsay et al., 2020 | 2.73 (1.18, 6.32) | | CS delivery | Dessu et al., 2019 | 1.90 (1.08, 3.34) | 0.99 (0.04, 1.95) | , | | Orsido et al., 2019 | 0.26 (0.15, 0.46) | | Mengesha et al., 2016 | 1.17 (0.65, 2.10) | | Home delivery | Gudayu et al., 2020 | 2.26 (1.04, 4.90) | 2.19 (0.97, 3.410) | , | | Yismaw et al., 2019 | 2.14 (1.08, 4.23) | | Low birth weight | Mengesha et al., 2016 | 11.49 (4.49, 29.39) | 4.85 (0.68, 10.37) | , | | Kahsay et al., 2020 | 7.30 (3.41, 15.63) | | Yismaw et al., 2019 | 1.56 (1.10, 2.21) | | Preterm | Gudayu et al., 2020 | 2.55 (1.59, 4.08) | 3.78 (2.28, 5.27) | , | | Orsido et al., 2019 | 3.41 (2.46, 4.73) | | Asmare & Mekonnen, 2018 | 6.31 (3.89, 10.24) | | Kahsay et al., 2020 | 5.83 (2.52, 13.49) | | Coulibaly et al., 2016 | 17.60 (6.90, 44.8) | | Female gender | Orsido et al., 2019 | 0.59 (0.42, 0.84) | 0.87 (0.32, 1.41) | , | | Mengistu et al., 2020 | 1.55 (0.96, 2.01) | | Kahsay et al., 2020 | 0.56 (0.26, 1.19) | | No ANC follow-up | Orsido et al., 2019 | 12.96 (7.86, 21.39) | 7.24 (-2.86, 17.33) | , | | Alebel et al., 2020 | 2.60 (1.50, 4.60) | | Rural residence | Mengistu et al., 2020 | 1.98 (1.27, 2.66) | 1.91 (1.30, 2.52) | , | | Kahsay et al., 2020 | 1.68 (0.84, 3.36) | | Sepsis | Gudayu et al., 2020 | 1.95 (1.06, 3.59) | 1.94 (1.53, 2.34) | , | | Asmare & Mekonnen, 2018 | 2.21 (1.57, 3.12) | | Yismaw et al., 2019 | 1.68 (1.04, 2.72) | | Mengistu et al., 2020 | 2.50 (1.81, 5.27) | | Wosenu et al., 2017 | 1.80 (1.20, 2.60) | | Asphyxia | Gudayu et al., 2020 | 1.23 (0.79, 1.92) | 2.03 (1.32, 2.75) | , | | Orsido et al., 2019 | 1.73 (1.25, 2.39) | | Yismaw et al., 2019 | 2.18 (1.58, 3.03) | | Wosenu et al., 2017 | 1.60 (1.05, 2.56) | | Mengistu et al., 2020 | 4.84 (2.64, 5.90) | | Respiratory distress syndrome | Orsido et al., 2019 | 4.60 (3.10, 6.82) | 2.49 (1.98, 3.00) | , | | Asmare & Mekonnen, 2018 | 2.27 (1.56, 3.28) | | Alebel et al., 2020 | 2.50 (1.70, 3.70) | | Wosenu et al., 2017 | 2.22 (1.50, 3.30) | | Hypothermia | Orsido et al., 2019 | 4.75 (3.33, 6.78) | 3.12 (0.12, 6.13) | , | | Yismaw et al., 2019 | 1.68 (1.00, 2.82) | | Maternal illness | Asmare & Mekonnen, 2018 | 2.38 (1.63, 3.46) | 1.91 (1.41, 2.41) | , | | Yismaw et al., 2019 | 1.71 (1.21, 2.40) | | Predictors of neonatal mortality in SSA using community-based studies | | Male gender | Limaso et al., 2020 | 2.61 (1.08, 6.29) | 1.31 (1.22, 1.41) | , | | Wakgari & Wencheko, 2013 | 1.26 (1.06, 1.50) | | Ezeh et al., 2014 | 1.29 (1.11, 1.51) | | Dahiru, 2017 | 1.25 (1.10, 1.43) | | Mekonen et al., 2013 | 1.42 (1.26, 1.59) | | Perceived small size | Desta et al., 2016 | 5.89 (2.44, 14.22) | 1.85 (1.05, 2.65) | , | | Wakgari & Wencheko, 2013 | 1.38 (1.05, 1.82) | | Ezeh et al., 2014 | 2.17 (1.82, 2.58) | | Multiple births | Limaso et al., 2020 | 3.48 (1.04, 11.68) | 3.71 (1.72, 5.69) | , | | Desta et al., 2016 | 6.76 (4.64, 9.81) | | Wakgari & Wencheko, 2013 | 3.73 (2.81, 4.94) | | Dahiru, 2017 | 1.82 (1.43, 2.31) | | Rural residence | Ezeh et al., 2014 | 1.36 (1.11, 1.66) | 1.30 (1.27, 1.32) | , | | Dahiru, 2015 | 1.30 (1.28, 1.33) | | Mekonen et al., 2013 | 1.22 (1.03, 1.46) | | Home delivery | Limaso et al., 2020 | 2.55 (1.01, 6.42) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.17) | , | | Ezeh et al., 2014 | 1.00 (0.84, 1.17) | | CS delivery | Ezeh et al., 2014 | 2.33 (1.54, 3.51) | 1.58 (0.91, 2.20) | , | | Dahiru, 2017 | 2.09 (1.59, 2.74) | | Dahiru, 2015 | 0.93 (0.81, 1.07) | | Mekonen et al., 2013 | 1.26 (0.86, 1.85) | | Pregnancy complication | Wakgari & Wencheko, 2013
Dahiru, 2015 | 1.73 (1.27, 2.24) | 1.35 (0.71, 1.99) | , | | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) | | ANC follow-up | Wakgari & Wencheko, 2013 | 0.72 (0.59, 0.89) | 0.82 (0.66, 0.97) | , | | Dahiru, 2015 | 0.88 (0.85, 0.92) | | No PNC | Limaso et al., 2020 | 2.799 (1.16, 6.75) | — | — |
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