Determinants of Under-Five Child Mortality in Ethiopia: Analysis Using Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, 2016

Table 3

Bivariate and multivariable analyses of variables associated with U5CM in Ethiopia based on EDHS, 2016.

Independent variables	Number of children		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
	Alive	Death
Place of residence
Urban	1907	67	1.00	1.00
Rural	8099	568	1.996 (1.542-2.584)	1.802 (1.251-2.595)
Mother’s educational level
No education	6387	451	1.280 (1.053-1.556)	1.074 (0.858-1.344)
Primary	2538	140	1.130 (0.943-1.877)	0.956 (0.635-1.441)
Secondary	697	37	1.020 (1.823-8.230)	2.504 (1.105-5.674)
Higher	384	7	1.00	1.00
Source of drinking water
Piped	2990	143	1.00	1.00
Spring	2295	147	1.528 (1.251-1.867)	1.172 (0.918-1.498)
Tube well water and others	4721	345	1.141 (0.935-1.393)	1.071 (0.859-1.335)
Availability of toilet facility
With facility	5651	315	1.00	1.00
No facility	4355	320	1.318 (1.123-1.548)	0.935 (0.755-1.159)
Religion
Orthodox	2944	138	1.00	1.00
Muslim	5068	374	2.014 (1.260-3.221)	1.727 (1.017-2.934)
Protestant	1761	101	1.279 (0.816-2.006)	1.459 (0.883-2.411)
Others	233	22	1.646 (1.018-2.663)	1.608 (0.968-2.671)
Wealth index
Poor	5648	411	1.343 (1.059-1.704)	1.118 (0.852-1.467)
Middle	1606	87	1.462 (1.198-1.783)	1.211 (0.936-1.567)
Rich	2752	137	1.00	1.00
Current contraceptive method
Yes	2633	120	1.00	1.00
No	7373	515	1.533 (1.250-1.879)	1.235 (0.980-1.558)
Currently breastfeeding
Yes	3428	393	1.00	1.00
No	6578	242	3.116 (2.641-3.677)	2.956 (2.490-3.511)
Type of birth
Multiple	220	58	4.471 (3.308-6.043)	4.755 (3.440-6.572)
Single	9786	577	1.00	1.00
Sex of child
Male	5107	376	1.393 (1.183-1.639)	1.363 (1.153-1.612)
Female	4899	259	1.00	1.00
Place of delivery
Home	6671	484	1.602 (1.314-1.952)	1.185 (0.934-1.503)
Public facility	2892	131	1.607 (1.017-2.539)	0.990 (0.597-1.640)
Private and other facilities	443	20	1.00	1.00
Current marital status
Currently married	9321	582	1.239 (0.926-1.659)	1.114 (0.818-1.518)
Currently not married	685	53	1.00	1.00
Birth order number
1	2031	136	1.052 (0.848-1.306)	1.281 (0.968-1.695)
2–4	4413	248	1.254 (1.046-1.503)	1.592 (1.272-1.992)
5+	3562	251	1.00	1.00
Family size
1–5	4424	356	1.00	1.00
6+	5582	279	1.610 (1.370-1.892)	2.187 (1.769-2.703)
Region
Tigray	992	41	1.00	1.00
Affar	972	90	1.454 (0.901-2.345)	1.583 (0.897-2.793)
Amhara	928	49	0.649 (0.426-0.989)	1.079 (0.686-1.698)
Oromiya	1494	87	1.138 (0.716-1.807)	1.237 (0.722-2.120)
Somali	1402	103	1.032 (0.677-1.573)	1.309 (0.825-2.077)
Benishangul-Gumuz	815	64	0.818 (0.541-1.237)	1.267 (0.812-1.978)
SNNP	1206	71	0.765 (0.491-1.191)	0.971 (0.592-1.594)
Gambela	670	44	1.020 (0.661-1.576)	1.182 (0.705-1.983)
Harari	564	41	0.915 (0.570-1.469)	1.208 (0.684-2.136)
Addis Ababa	447	14	0.826 (0.511-1.338)	0.953 (0.577-1.575)
Dare Dawa	516	31	1.918 (1.008-3.651)	1.018 (0.491-2.109)

Note: 1.00 = reference; values < 0.05.