Research Article
Predictors of Toxoplasma gondii IgG Seropositivity and Cranial Ultrasound Patterns among Children with Hydrocephalus
Table 5
Risk factors associated with T. gondii seropositivity among infants with hydrocephalus and their mothers.
| Factors | Toxoplasma seroprevalence | Bivariate RR [95% CI] | value | aRR [95% CI] | value | IgG Neg (%) | IgG Pos (%) |
| Age | Neonates | 22 (73.3) | 8 (26.7) | | | | | Early infancy | 36 (75.0) | 12 (25.0) | 1.0 [0.8–1.2] | 0.867 | 1.0 [0.8–1.2] | 0.912 | Late infancy | 38 (80.9) | 9 (19.2) | 0.9 [0.8–1.1] | 0.450 | 0.9 [0.7–1.0] | 0.133 | Gender | Female | 40 (81.6) | 9 (18.4) | | | | | Male | 56 (73.7) | 20 (26.3) | 1.1 [0.9–1.3] | 0.306 | 1.1 [0.9–1.5] | 0.049 | Education | Incomplete | 23 (69.7) | 10 (30.3) | | | | | Primary | 58 (81.7) | 13 (18.3) | 0.9 [0.7–1.1] | 0.179 | 0.9 [0.7–1.1] | 0.211 | Secondary and above | 15 (71.4) | 6 (28.6) | 0.9 [0.8–1.2] | 0.884 | 0.9 [0.8–1.2] | 0.648 | Maternal age | <35 yrs | 90 (78.3) | 25 (21.7) | | | | | >35 yrs | 6 (60.0) | 4 (40.0) | 1.2 [0.9–1.6] | 0.190 | 1.1 [0.9–1.5] | 0.391 | Order of birth | 2nd-4th born | 47 (88.7) | 6 (11.3) | | | | | 1st born | 27 (73.0) | 10 (27.0) | 1.2 [1.0–1.3] | 0.076 | 1.2 [1.0–1.4] | 0.038 | 5th born and above | 22 (62.9) | 13 (37.1) | 1.3 [1.0–1.5] | 0.004 | 1.2 [1.0–1.5] | 0.023 | Types of meat consumed | Fish | No | 94 (79.0) | 25 (21.0) | | | | | Yes | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 1.6 [1.1–2.2] | 0.008 | 1.6 [1.2–2.3] | 0.003 | Pork | No | 94 (77.7) | 27 (27.3) | | | | | Yes | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 1.3 [0.9–2.0] | 0.197 | 1.1 [0.7–1.6] | 0.801 | Sheep | No | 94 (77.7) | 27 (22.3) | | | | | Yes | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 1.3 [0.9–2.0] | 0.197 | 1.2 [0.8–2.0] | 0.355 | Meat preparation | Boiling | 95 (78.5) | 26 (21.5) | | | | | Other methods | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 1.7 [1.1–2.6] | 0.011 | 1.7 [1.1–2.5] | 0.015 | Maternal (S) | No | 68 (73.9) | 24 (26.1) | | | | | Yes | 28 (84.9) | 5 (15.2) | 0.9 [0.8–1.1] | 0.202 | 0.8 [0.7–1.0] | 0.037 | Sibling with hydrocephalus | No | 96 (77.4) | 28 (22.6) | | | | | Yes | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 2.1 [0.9–5.0] | 0.066 | 1.5 [0.6–3.7] | 0.390 |
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aRR = adjusted risk ratio. Mothers/guardians’ characteristics. |