Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Esophageal Dilatation in Pediatric Patients with Esophageal Strictures

Table 1

Demographic data of 46 children with esophageal strictures with or without endoscopic esophageal dilatation.

Demographic data	Patients with esophageal strictures ()		value (95% CI)
	Dilatation (56.5)	No dilatation (43.5)
Gender ()
Male	15 (57.7)	10 (50)	0.604
Female	11 (42.3)	10 (50)
Nationality ()
Bahraini	21 (81)	15 (75)	0.453
Non-Bahraini	5.0 (19)	5.0 (25)
Gestational age ()
Term	14 (73.7)	15 (75)	0.925
Preterm	5.0 (26.3)	5.0 (25)
Type of delivery ()
NVD	15 (78.9)	10 (50)	0.060
LSCS	4.0 (21.1)	10 (50)
Birth weight (kg), ()			0.701 (−0.34–0.50)
Age at presentation (yr), median (IQR) ()	0.0 (0.0–1.34)	0.0 (0.0–0.003)	0.167
Presentation age category (yr) ()
0–1	15 (75)	17 (100)	0.178
>1	5.0 (25)	0.0 (0.0)
Age at time of study (yr), ()			0.318 (−6.32–2.10)
Age at time of study category (yr) ()
0–4	5.0 (19.2)	11 (55)	0.144
5–9	10 (38.5)	5.0 (25)
10–14	7.0 (26.9)	3.0 (15)
15–18	1.0 (3.8)	0.0 (0.0)
>18	3.0 (11.5)	1.0 (5.0)
Causes of esophageal stricture ()
EA/TEF	16 (61.5)	19 (95)	0.013
Others	10 (38.5)	1.0 (5.0)
Presence of associated diseases ()	10 (38.5)	12 (60)	0.280

Values are presented as number (%), deviation, or median (interquartile range).Pearson chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables, while Mann–Whitney or Student’s -test was used for continuous variables. 95% confidence interval. Boldface indicates a statistically significant difference with . Normal vaginal delivery; lower segment caesarean section; standard deviation; interquartile range; esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula; seven patients with gastroesophageal reflux, two postcorrosive ingestion, one epidermolysis bullosa, and one eosinophilic esophagitis (did not require dilatation); congenital anomalies involving cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and skeletal systems, and congenital syndromes; two patients had two associated diseases each.