Substance Abuse and Rural Appalachian Pediatric Trauma in West Virginia

Table 2

Results of urine drug screens in pediatric trauma cases.

	2009–2016 patients (%)	2017–2019 patients (%)	Odds ratio	Chi-square value
Amphetamines	3/3,356 (0.1)	5/1,182 (0.4)	0.211	0.051
Benzodiazepines	28/3,356 (0.8)	21/1,182 (1.8)	0.465	<0.001
Opioids/oxycodone	35/3,356 (1.0)	58/1,182 (4.9)	0.204	<0.001
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)	7/3,356 (0.2)	1/1,182 (0.1)	2.47	0.638
Drug screen positive for any substance	73/3,356 (2.1)	84/1,182 (7.2)	0.291	<0.001
Drug screen negative for all substances	158/3,356 (4.8)	190/1,182 (16.1)	0.258	<0.001
Drug screen not obtained in patient	3125/3,356 (93.1)	907/1,182 (76.7)	4.10	<0.001