Indications and Yield of Pediatric Endoscopy in Bahrain: A Tertiary Center Experience

Table 2

Indications of gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures in children ().

Indications of endoscopy	Patients’ (%)
Chronic abdominal pain	451 (40.9)
Vomiting and hemorrhage	302 (27.4)
Chronic diarrhea	92 (8.4)
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding	90 (8.2)
Chronic reflux disease without improvement with medications	64 (5.8)
Impaired growth	62 (5.6)
Foreign body ingestion	59 (5.4)
Dysphagia	56 (5.1)
Constipation	50 (4.5)
Acid base ingestion	33 (2.9)
To rule out celiac disease	32 (2.9)
To rule out inflammatory bowel disease	30 (2.7)
Dilatation of strictures	26 (2.4)
Abdominal distension	22 (1.9)
Reassessment of known disease †	19 (1.7)
Insertion/replacement of feeding tube	5.0 (0.5)
Perianal lesions (mass, fistula)	5.0 (0.5)
Miscellaneous^‡	12 (1.1)

Values are presented as number (%). Patients may have more than one endoscopic indication. ^†One for Crohn’s disease, two for eosinophilic esophagitis and 16 for abdominal symptoms of cystic fibrosis. ^‡Cyanosis, anorexia, lower limb edema, obstructive jaundice, and ingestion of boiling water to rule out colonic duplication, intestinal lymphangiectasia, and intestinal polyps each had one procedure; feeding intolerance and pyloric stenosis each had two procedures.