Indications and Yield of Pediatric Endoscopy in Bahrain: A Tertiary Center Experience

Table 5

Summary of studies regarding endoscopies from neighboring countries and worldwide.

Country	Author, year	Duration	Patients number	Age (y)	Sex ratio	Most common indication			Yield
						1st indication (%)	2nd indication (%)	3rd indication (%)
Bahrain	Isa and Alfayez^*, 2022	1995-2020	1101		M > F	CAP (40.9)	Vomiting and hemorrhage (27.4)	LGIB (8.2)	68.1%
KSA	Saeed et al. [3]	2010-2015	37		M > F	Dysphagia (56.7)	Vomiting (48.6)	Food bolus impaction (21.6)	NR
Iran	Mirrahimi et al. [20]	2019	43		M > F	Hematemesis	Melena	Coffee grounded vomiting	NR
Egypt	Abd Allah et al. [6]	2014-2015	40		M > F	Bleeding per rectum (42.5)	CAP (25)	Vomiting, hematemesis and melena (15)	80%
Egypt	Faddan et al. [1]	2004-2013	177	<6 m	M > F	UGIE: Hematemesis (30); Colonoscopy: rectal bleeding (19.4)	UGIE: Vomiting (18.4); Colonoscopy: bloody diarrhea (13.6)	UGIE: Melena (5.8)	70.6%
Egypt	Abdel Azeem et al. [22]	2016-2017	40		M = F	Bleeding per rectum (80)	CAP (10)	Weight loss (5)	85%†
Tunisia	Rabeh et al. [9]	2010-2017	210	Children	NR	LGIB (57.1)	IBD (29)	NR	39% †
Turkey	Sağ et al. [23]	2010-2017	39		F > M	UGIE: CAP (65.7); Colonoscopy: abdominal pain (38.9)	UGIE: dyspepsia (17.1); Colonoscopy: chronic diarrhea (22.2)	Chronic diarrhea (8.6)	55.6%†
France	Norsa et al. [16]	2017	237	3.2	NR	Foreign body ingestion (24)	GI bleeding (48)	Caustic ingestion (63)	NR
Spain	Flores-González et al. [21]	2016-2017	88	Median 7	M > F	Celiac disease (33)	Epigastric pain (13)	Esophagitis (8)	NR
Australia	Singh et al. [5]	2011-2015	652	13 (0.4-18)	M > F	IBD (57.9)	Rectal bleeding (10)	CAP (10)	NR
USA	Pant et al. [24]	NR	437283	0-19	NR	LGIB (30.2)	UGIB (20.3)	Unspecified GI bleeding (10.4)	NR

The present study; †colonoscopy yield. CAP: chronic abdominal pain; LGIB: lower gastrointestinal bleeding; NR: no records; UGIE: upper gastrointestinal endoscopy; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; USA: United States of America; UGIB: upper GI bleeding.