Increased Rates of Hospitalized Children with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Central Brooklyn during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Table 5
Clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted during COVID-19 pandemic.
Year 2018
Year 2019
Compare 2018-2019
Year 2020
Compare 2018-2020
Compare 2019-2020
Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
value
Mean (SD)
value
value
Age mean (years)
13.2 (2.7)
12.9 (3.4)
0.87
15.8 (3.1)
0.07
0.02
Length of hospitalization (days)
3.2 (0.8)
3.2 (1.1)
0.86
3.7 (2.0)
0.56
0.35
Length of PICU stay (days)
1.5 (0.7)
1.0 (1.0)
0.67
1.79 (1.3)
0.78
0.59
Length of floor stay (days)
2.3 (1.5)
3.0 (1.1)
0.38
2.3 (1.5)
0.93
0.16
Duration of DKA (hours)
13.5 (7.8)
9.0 (0.0)
0.33
22.0 (16.2)
0.46
0.44
Anthropometrics
Weight (kg)
85.0 (43.2)
86.1 (35.9)
0.03
98.7 (31.8)
0.95
0.03
Height (cm)
160.5 (15.9)
164.2 16.4)
0.18
161.2 (37.0)
0.65
0.09
BMI (kg/m2)
31.6 (11.1)
30.8 (7.5)
0.86
34.6 (8.4)
0.48
0.21
BMI percentile (%)
94.2 (8.6)
95.4 (7.1)
0.74
97.5 (3.3)
0.15
0.26
BMI -score
2.0 (0.8)
2.1 (0.7)
0.88
2.2 (0.6)
0.40
0.38
Vital signs
Heart rate (beat per min)
86.7 (13.0)
88.1 (13.1)
0.83
109.1 (22.4)
0.83
0.01
Respiratory rate (breath per min)
18.7 (2.4)
19.3 (1.1)
0.49
20.1 (3.1)
0.49
0.38
Temperature (°F)
98.5 (0.3)
98.1 (1.3)
0.41
98.5 (1.1)
0.41
0.34
Oxygen %
99.5 (0.8)
99.5 (1.2)
1.00
98.3 (2.4)
1.00
0.13
Biochemistry
Glucose (mg/dL)
377 (178)
313 (75.6)
0.29
546.5 (252.2)
0.14
0.00
Sodium (mmol/L)
136.5 (2)
134.1 (3.4)
0.14
134.5 (4.3)
0.29
0.76
Potassium (mmol/L)
4.2 (0.2)
4.2 (0.3)
0.53
4.5 (0.8)
0.30
0.33
Chloride (mmol/L)
99.7 (2.2)
97.8 (4.0)
0.32
97.1 (6.7)
0.37
0.75
Bicarbonate (CO2) (mmol/L)
27.2 (0.2)
22.4 (2.6)
0.054
16.0 (8.1)
0.01
0.04
BUN (mg/dL)
9.2 (1.5)
11.9 (3.4)
0.08
15.1 (7.8)
0.08
0.21
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.9 (0.4)
0.8 (0.2)
0.51
1.2 (0.7)
0.20
0.02
Calcium (mg/dL)
9.5 (0.6)
9.9 (0.5)
0.11
9.8 (2.2)
0.68
0.91
Phosphorus (mg/dL)
3.5 (1.2)
4.6 (0.7)
0.10
4.6 (1.6)
0.23
0.92
Magnesium (mg/dL)
1.9 (0.2)
2.0 (0.2)
0.81
2.2 (0.6)
0.32
0.38
HbA1c (%)
13.0 (2.0)
11.6 (2.6)
0.28
12.3 (2.1)
0.45
0.45
Serum osmolality (mOsm/kg)
305.1 (16)
292.6 (9.3)
0.046
318.0 (46)
0.51
0.08
Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHOB) (mmol/L)
1.1 (0.7)
2.4 (2.5)
0.40
4.1 (3.5)
0.16
0.26
Urine ketone
60.0 (28)
40.0 (38.7)
1.00
55.7 (31.4)
1.00
1.00
Venous blood gas
pCO2 (mmHg)
44.6 (10.9)
42.1 (6.9)
0.59
37.3 (10.0)
0.16
0.18
Bicarbonate (HCO3) (mmol/L)
23.5 (8.1)
22.4 (3.6)
0.71
17.4 (7.8)
0.10
0.06
pH
7.26 (0.2)
7.35 (0.05)
0.08
7.23 (0.2)
0.78
0.04
Length of PICU stay (days) was calculated only among cases who were managed in PICU. Length of floor stay (days) was calculated only among cases who were managed on the floor. Duration of DKA (hours) was calculated only among cases admitted with DKA.
