Prevalence and Factors Associated with Iron Deficiency Anaemia among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Southwestern Uganda

Table 3

Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses for associated factors.

Variable	IDA, frequency (%)		cOR (95% CI)	value	AOR (95% CI)	value
	No (%)	Yes (%)
Age (months)
6-11	68 (31.9)	45 (29.8)	1.22 (0.68-2.17)	0.51
12-17	88 (41.3)	75 (49.7)	1.57 (0.92-2.68)	0.10
18-23	57 (26.8)	31 (20.5)	Ref
Sex
Female	108 (50.7)	58 (38.4)	Ref		Ref
Male	105 (49.3)	93 (61.6)	1.65 (1.08-2.52)	0.02	1.61 (1.03-2.53)	0.04
Gestation age (at birth)
Premature	15 (7.0)	16 (10.6)	Ref
Term	198 (93.0)	135 (89.4)	0.64 (0.31-1.34)	0.23
Birth weight (kg)
<2.5	19 (8.9)	19 (12.6)	Ref
≥2.5	194 (91.1)	132 (87.4)	0.68 (0.35-1.33)	0.26
Maternal age (years)
≤20	11 (5.2)	3 (2.0)	0.38 (0.07-2.13)	0.27
21-30	138 (64.8)	110 (72.8)	1.12 (0.35-3.61)	0.86
31-40	57 (26.8)	33 (21.9)	0.81 (0.24-2.76)	0.74
>40	7 (3.3)	5 (3.3)	Ref
Maternal level of education
Primary	67 (31.5)	44 (29.1)	1.01 (0.61-1.67)	0.98
Secondary	57 (26.8)	49 (32.5)	1.32 (0.80-2.19)	0.28
Tertiary	89 (41.8)	58 (38.4)	Ref
Maternal occupation
Housewife	42 (19.7)	37 (24.5)	1.36 (0.76-2.47)	0.30
Formal employment	64 (30.0)	37 (24.5)	0.90 (0.51-1.57)	0.70
Business	42 (19.7)	35 (23.2)	1.29 (0.71-2.33)	0.40
Peasant	65 (30.5)	42 (27.8)	Ref
Stunted
No	149 (70.0)	110 (72.8)	Ref
Yes	64 (30.0)	41 (27.2)	1.09 (0.82-1.44)	0.55
Wasted
No	173 (81.2)	120 (79.5)	Ref
Yes	40 (18.8)	31 (20.5)	1.12 (0.66-1.89)	0.68
HIV status
Negative	209 (98.1)	143 (94.7)	Ref
Positive	1 (0.5)	3 (2.0)	2.44 (0.57-10.35)	0.23
Sero-exposed	3 (1.4)	5 (3.3)	4.39 (0.45-42.57)	0.20
Pneumonia
No	171 (80.3)	119 (78.8)	Ref
Yes	42 (19.7)	32 (21.2)	1.10 (0.65-1.83)	0.73
Current fever
No	138 (64.8)	89 (58.9)	Ref
Yes	75 (35.2)	62 (41.1)	1.28 (0.84-1.97)	0.26
History of fever in last 2 weeks
No	108 (50.7)	70 (46.4)	Ref
Yes	105 (49.3)	81 (53.6)	1.19 (0.78-1.81)	0.41
Current diarrhoea episode
No	169 (79.3)	105 (69.5)	Ref		Ref
Yes	44 (20.7)	46 (30.5)	1.68 (1.04-2.72)	0.03	1.71 (1.03-2.82)	0.04
Diarrhoea history in last 2 weeks
No	149 (70.0)	114 (75.5)	Ref
Yes	64 (30.0)	37 (24.5)	0.76 (0.47-1.21)	0.24
Deworming in last 3 months
No	79 (46.7)	59 (48.8)	0.92 (0.58-1.47)	0.74
Yes	90 (53.3)	62 (51.2)	Ref
Exclusive breastfeeding
≤6 months	194 (91.1)	142 (94.0)	0.65 (0.28-1.47)	0.30
>6 months	19 (8.9)	9 (6.0)	Ref
Dietary diversity
Poor	135 (63.4)	100 (66.2)	1.08 (0.83-1.40)	0.58
Good	78 (36.6)	51 (33.8)	Ref
Acceptable meal frequency
No	89 (41.8)	84 (55.6)	1.38 (1.08-1.77)	0.01	1.78 (1.14-2.77)	0.01
Yes	124 (58.2)	67 (44.4)	Ref		Ref
Dietary intake in the last 7 days
Meat
Never	71 (33.3)	48 (31.8)	0.68 (0.21-2.22)	0.52
Once	61 (28.6)	48 (31.8)	0.79 (0.24-2.60)	0.69
2-5 times	75 (35.2)	49 (32.5)	0.65 (0.20-2.14)	0.48
>5 times	6 (2.8)	6 (4.0)	Ref
Fish
Never	132 (62.0)	98 (64.9)	2.04 (0.63-6.60)	0.23
Once	45 (21.1)	30 (19.9)	1.83 (0.53-6.30)	0.34
2-5 times	25 (11.7)	19 (12.6)	2.09 (0.58-7.60)	0.26
>5 times	11 (5.2)	4 (2.6)	Ref
Vegetables
Never	40 (18.8)	50 (33.1)	2.50 (1.44-4.35)	<0.01	2.47 (1.35-4.52)	<0.01
Once	64 (30.0)	44 (29.1)	1.38 (0.81-2.34)	0.24	1.41 (0.80-2.47)	0.23
2-5 times	23 (10.8)	14 (9.3)	1.22 (0.57-2.60)	0.61	1.15 (0.52-2.55)	0.73
>5 times	86 (40.4)	43 (28.5)	Ref		Ref
Chicken
Never	170 (79.8)	111 (73.5)	3.92 (0.47-32.99)	0.21
Once	24 (11.3)	34 (22.5)	8.50 (0.96-75.23)	0.05
2-5 times	13 (6.1)	5 (3.3)	2.31 (0.22-24.32)	0.49
>5 times	6 (2.8)	1 (0.7)	Ref
Fruits
Never	49 (23.0)	37 (24.5)	1.46 (0.80-2.69)	0.22	1.10 (0.57-2.14)	0.78
Once	75 (35.2)	70 (46.4)	1.81 (1.05-3.11)	0.03	1.97 (1.11-3.52)	0.02
2-5 times	29 (13.6)	13 (8.6)	0.87 (0.40-1.90)	0.72	0.92 (0.40-2.07)	0.83
>5 times	(28.2)	31 (20.5)	Ref		Ref

Based on WHO child growth standards.