Time Effects on Morphology and Bonding Ability in Mercerized Natural Fibers for Composite Reinforcement

Table 1

Oxygen to carbon ratio for untreated and alkali-treated kenaf fibers.

	0 hr	0.5 hr	1 hr	2 hrs	4 hrs	8 hrs	16 hrs	24 hrs
Oxygen	2155.9	1749.3	1551.1	1896.2	2321.8	1528.3	1513.1	1598.0
Carbon	2475.0	3550.0	1552.0	2031.0	2393.0	2451.0	1924.0	2035.3
O : C ratio	0.87	0.49	1.00	0.93	0.97	0.62	0.79	0.79