Chemical Functionalization and Characterization of Cellulose Extracted from Wheat Straw Using Acid Hydrolysis Methodologies

Table 2

The peak wavenumber and the corresponding bonds of cellulose [14].

Peak wavenumber (cm^−1)	Bonds	Modified	Nonmodified
4000–2995	OH-stretching	Observed	Observed
2883	C–H symmetrical stretching	Observed	Observed
1735; 1384–1346	Hemicellulose	Not observed	Not observed
1640–1623	C=O, H–O–CH2, and H–O–H bending of absorbed water	Observed	Observed (nitric); Not observed (sulfuric)
1600; 1515; 1426	Lignin aromatic Skeleton vibration	Not observed	Not observed
1423	H–C–H and O–H bending vibration	Observed	Observed
1314	CH2 rocking vibration at C6	Observed	Observed
1046–994	C–C, C–OH, and C–H ring and side group vibrations	Observed	Observed
1205–895	COC, CCO, and CCH deformation and stretching	Observed	Observed
662	C–OH out-of-plane bending	Observed	Observed