Exploiting the Interplay between Liquid-Liquid Demixing and Crystallization of the PVDF Membrane for Membrane Distillation

Figure 5

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (stacked) spectra of PVDF membranes casted from different dope solution temperatures of 25, 40, 60, 80, and 100°C for PVDF-20, PVDF-40, PVDF-60, PVDF-80, and PVDF-100, respectively.