Competitive Biological Activities of Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Table 1

Anticancer and antitumor activity of chitosan involved preparations tested in various cancer cells.

Cancer types	Used CS form	Tested cells	Remarkable results	Ref.
Breast cancer	SCS^1, SBCS^2	MCF-7, MDA-MB-231	Inhibition cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis	[114]
	CS^3	MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, T47D	Inhibition cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis nontoxic to fibroblast L929 normal cells	[102]
	Docetaxel-CN^4	MCF-7	Inhibition cell proliferation, nontoxic to normal cells	[115]
	FA-CS-UA-NPs^5	MCF-7	Inhibition cell viability, inhibition tumor growth (reduction of size)	[116]
	MCN^6	MCF-7	Inhibition cell proliferation	[117]
Prostate cancer	CA^7 scaffolds	LNCaP, C4-2, C4-2B, TRAMP-C2	Good interaction with immune cells, including tumor-infiltrating B cells	[118]
	CS-EGCG NP^8	22Rν1	Inhibition tumor growth (reduction of size)	[119]
	GC-based CNPs^9	PC-3	long-term tumor growth inhibition	[120]
	CHGC^10	LNCaP, PC-3	Inhibition tumor growth (reduction of size)	[121]
	FA-CS PLGA NP^11	DU145	Inhibition cell proliferation	[122]
	CS-AGR2 siRNA NP^12	PC-3	Inhibition cell viability	[123]
Colon cancer	CSHA^13 membranes	HT29, DLD-1, HCT116, SW480,	In situ inhibitory effect on cancer cell	[124]
Liver cancer	Bio-CS NP^14	SMMC7721	In situ inhibition cell proliferation, in vitro and in vivo efficient cell targeting	[125]
	CS, CSHA^13 membranes	Huh7, HepG2, Hep3B, SKHep-1	Inhibition cell proliferation	[124]
Esophageal cancer	CS NP	CAF cell from cancer patient	Inhibition cell proliferation, antimetastatic ability	[126]
Oral cancer	CLCS NP^15	SCC-9	Reduction cell viability	[118]
	CS	HSC-3, HSC-4, Ca9-22, and HaCaT	Reduction cell viability	[127]

SCS¹: sulfated chitosan; SBCS²: sulfated benzaldehyde chitosan; CS³: chitosan; docetaxel-CN⁴: docetaxel-loaded chitosan nanoparticle; FA-CS-UA-NPs⁵: folate-chitosan nanoparticles loaded with ursolic acid; MCN⁶: magnetic chitosan nanoparticles; CA⁷: chitosan-alginate; CS-EGCG NP⁸: chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating epigallocatechin-3-gallate; GC-based CNP⁹: glycol chitosan-based chitosan nanoparticles; CHGC¹⁰: glycol chitosan; FA-CS PLGA NP¹¹: folic acid conjugated-chitosan functionalized poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles; CS-AGR2 siRNA NP¹²: chitosan-based AGR2 siRNA nanoparticle; CSHA¹³: hyaluronan- (HA-) grafted chitosan; bio-CS NP¹⁴: biotinylated chitosan nanoparticles; CLCS NP¹⁵: curcumin-loaded chitosan-coated nanoparticles.