Adsorption of Anionic Surfactants onto Alumina: Characteristics, Mechanisms, and Application for Heavy Metal Removal

Table 2

Adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of Cd²⁺ using surfactant-modified alumina (SMA) and other absorbents.

Adsorbent	Adsorption capacity (mg/g)	Removal efficiency (%)	References
Kaolinite clay	15.60	87.50	[38]
Multi-carboxyl-functionalized silica gel	40.48	89.44	[39]
Activated sludge	18.0	74.5	[40]
Waste sludge	15.73	90.0	[41]
Zeolite-based geopolymer	20.58	92.28	[42]
Activated alumina	35.06	93.50	[43]
SMA	24.40	94.60	This study