Crack Width and Load-Carrying Capacity of RC Elements Strengthened with FRP

<div>Comparison of the crack width estimation results with experimental ones at service load: (a) <span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M150" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 55.0825 11.5564" width="55.0825pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M501 444C501 643 409 712 321 712C208 712 108 618 108 502C108 412 172 331 293 331C337 331 394 359 420 378C397 154 341 41 258 41C209 41 178 76 178 161C178 232 171 299 114 299C76 299 38 272 23 257L29 232C42 236 54 239 66 239C91 239 106 221 102 149C95 20 158 -12 219 -12C264 -12 314 10 353 47C461 150 501 295 501 444ZM423 443C423 433 422 422 421 412C401 396 370 385 335 385C245 385 180 444 180 537C180 609 212 671 286 671C349 671 423 595 423 443Z" id="g113-248"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.735,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z" id="g113-41"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.233,0)"><path d="M452 333C452 398 425 448 375 448C329 448 235 404 140 292H138L229 683C233 701 234 712 225 712C208 712 149 686 66 677L64 652H97C135 652 140 651 129 598L38 167C23 96 29 57 44 33C60 7 98 -12 132 -12C169 -12 232 3 290 41C383 102 452 223 452 333ZM365 316C365 199 308 87 239 49C221 39 200 35 183 35C137 35 99 70 112 163C116 191 123 215 129 233C190 316 290 392 330 392C348 392 365 372 365 316Z" id="g113-99"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,17.334,0)"><path d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z" id="g113-45"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.478,0)"><path d="M499 88L487 113C459 86 422 65 413 65C403 65 403 74 409 98L461 318C487 426 460 448 431 448C408 448 383 441 352 424C305 398 223 344 157 257H155L243 674C249 702 249 712 240 712C227 712 170 680 87 673L82 648H117C155 648 162 644 150 590L23 -4L30 -12C55 -4 81 3 105 8C113 53 131 150 143 187C199 281 323 387 372 387C390 387 393 369 380 311L328 86C313 19 319 -12 347 -12C379 -12 442 24 499 88Z" id="g113-105"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.186,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z" id="g113-42"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.316,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,48.578,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z" id="g113-50"></path></g></svg>;</span> (b) <svg height="11.5564pt" id="M151" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 33.8958 11.5564" width="33.8958pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M501 444C501 643 409 712 321 712C208 712 108 618 108 502C108 412 172 331 293 331C337 331 394 359 420 378C397 154 341 41 258 41C209 41 178 76 178 161C178 232 171 299 114 299C76 299 38 272 23 257L29 232C42 236 54 239 66 239C91 239 106 221 102 149C95 20 158 -12 219 -12C264 -12 314 10 353 47C461 150 501 295 501 444ZM423 443C423 433 422 422 421 412C401 396 370 385 335 385C245 385 180 444 180 537C180 609 212 671 286 671C349 671 423 595 423 443Z" id="g113-248"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,6.735,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z" id="g113-41"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.233,0)"><path d="M452 333C452 398 425 448 375 448C329 448 235 404 140 292H138L229 683C233 701 234 712 225 712C208 712 149 686 66 677L64 652H97C135 652 140 651 129 598L38 167C23 96 29 57 44 33C60 7 98 -12 132 -12C169 -12 232 3 290 41C383 102 452 223 452 333ZM365 316C365 199 308 87 239 49C221 39 200 35 183 35C137 35 99 70 112 163C116 191 123 215 129 233C190 316 290 392 330 392C348 392 365 372 365 316Z" id="g113-99"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,17.334,0)"><path d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z" id="g113-45"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.478,0)"><path d="M499 88L487 113C459 86 422 65 413 65C403 65 403 74 409 98L461 318C487 426 460 448 431 448C408 448 383 441 352 424C305 398 223 344 157 257H155L243 674C249 702 249 712 240 712C227 712 170 680 87 673L82 648H117C155 648 162 644 150 590L23 -4L30 -12C55 -4 81 3 105 8C113 53 131 150 143 187C199 281 323 387 372 387C390 387 393 369 380 311L328 86C313 19 319 -12 347 -12C379 -12 442 24 499 88Z" id="g113-105"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.186,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z" id="g113-42"></path></g></svg> from (<a href="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijps/volume-2018/6274287/figures/#EEq20">50</a>).</div>

International Journal of Polymer Science

fig12

Figure 12

Figure 12: Crack Width and Load-Carrying Capacity of RC Elements Strengthened with FRP 