Bacterial Exopolysaccharides as Reducing and/or Stabilizing Agents during Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles with Biomedical Applications

Table 3

Characteristics of metallic nanoparticles synthesized by means of bacterial exopolysaccharides.

Bacterial EPS	Metallic nanoparticle	Mean size (nm)	Morphology	Applications	Reference
Xanthan gum	Au-NPs	15–20	Spherical	Drug delivery carrier, anticancer therapy	[69]
	Ag-NPs	5–40	Spherical	Antibacterial and catalytic	[70]
	Pd-NPs	10	Spherical	Catalytic	[93]
	Pd/Fe-NPs	10–20	Spherical	Soil remediation	[94]
Dextran	Ag-NPs	12 ± 1.9	Nearly spherical	Sensor for cysteine detection	[71]
	Ag-NPs	10–60	Spherical	Antibacterial and antifungal	[72]
	Au-NPs	13 ± 1.2	Spherical	Anticancer	[55]
	Fe3O4-NPs	14, 10.7	Spherical	Biocompatibility	[95]
	Fe3O4-NPs	15.4 ± 4.5	Spherical	Toxicological assays	[96]
Curdlan	Ag-NPs	15	Spherical	Not tested	[73]
	Au-NPs	17, 24	Spherical	Interaction with proteins	[74]
	Se-NPs	82, 56, 65	Spherical	Antioxidant, cytotoxicity assays	[57]
	Zn-NPs	58 ± 6 nm	Spherical	Protein interaction	[60]
Gellan gum	Au-NPs	13 ± 1	Spherical	Drug delivery carrier, anticancer therapy	[75]
	Au-NPs	14	Spherical	Drug delivery carrier, anticancer therapy	[77]
	Ag-NPs	5	Spherical	Antibacterial and topical treatment	[76]
	Pd-NPs	3.4 ± 1.4	Spheroidal	Catalytic	[58]
	Fe3O4-NPs	15 ± 3	Spherical	Drug delivery carrier, anticancer	[59]
Cellulose	Ag-NPs	13.1	Not available	Nanofibers	[79]
	Ag-NPs	10–50	Not available	Chemical sensor	[80]
	Au-NPs	9	Nearly spherical	Enzyme immobilization and biosensing	[81]
	CdS-NPs	30	Spherical	Nanofibers, thermal stability	[99]
	Cu-NPs	25, 35	Not available	Antibacterial, nanofibers	[53]
Levan	Ag-NPs and Au-NPs	5–29 and 10–30	Spherical	Catalytic	[82]
	Ce oxide-NPs	36.4 ± 9.2	Spherical	Antioxidant, biocompatibility	[54]
	Co3O4-NPs	9.9 ± 2.3	Spherical	Prebiotic and micronutrients supplements	[100]
	Fe3O4-NPs	10.6 ± 3.4
	Se-NPs	60 ± 26
Succinoglycan	Ag-NPs	13.3 ± 13.4	Spherical	Not tested	[83]
	Ag-NPs	8.9 ± 3.3	Spherical	Not tested	[84]
FucoPol	Fe3O4-NPs	10–20	Not available	Purification and recovery of antibodies	[101]
	Iron oxide magnetic-NPs	15 ± 2	Not available	Contrast agents for MRI	[56]
Lactobacillus rhamnosus EPS	Ag-NPs	10	Spherical, triangular, rod, and hexagonal	Antibacterial and antifungal	[33]
Lactobacillus brevis NM101-1 EPS	Ag-NPs	18	Spherical	Antibacterial, antibiotic adjuvant	[85]
Lactobacillus plantarum EPS	Au-NPs	20–30	Spherical, little ellipsoidal	Drug delivery carrier, antibacterial, and antibiotic functionalization	[86]
Lactobacillus plantarum-605 EPS-605	Au-NPs and Ag-NPs	12 and 20	Spherical	Not tested	[87]
Lactobacillus casei EPS	Ag-NPs	0.2–10	Rectangular, spherical	Antibacterial	[88]
Lactobacillus fermentum EPS	Ag-NPs	0.0–10	Rectangular, spherical	Antibacterial	[88]
Leuconostoc lactis KC117496	Ag-NPs	35	Spherical	Biodegradation agent	[89]
Bacillus subtilis MSBN17 EPS	Ag-NPs	60	Spherical	Antibacterial, antibiotic adjuvant	[90]
Bacillus megaterium MSBN04 EPS	Au-NPs	10	Spherical	Seawater treatment antibacterial	[91]
Bradyrhizobium japonicum 36 EPS	Ag-NPs	5–50	Rod, oval	Antibacterial, antifungal	[92]
Bacillus licheniformis Dahb1 EPS	ZnO-NPs	100	Hexagonal	Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and larvicidal	[102]
Bacillus subtilis, VT03 EPS	FeO-NPs	106 ± 12	Spherical	Antibacterial, anticancer	[103]

Nanoparticles produced by 50 : 50 solution of alginate/gellan mixture.