Numerical Study on Seismic Behavior of Underwater Bridge Columns Strengthened with Prestressed Precast Concrete Panels and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcements

Table 2

Detailed setting of the parameters of concrete materials in OS.

Concrete material parameters	Setting value in OS
	Concrete core 2	Concrete core 1	Concrete cover
compressive strength	−25.1 MPa	−32.7 MPa	−32.7 MPa
elastic modulus	24.9 GPa	22.6 GPa	22.6 GPa
compressive strain
ratio of ultimate strength (or crushing strength) to compressive strength	2.0	1.78	0.5
ultimate strain (or crushing strength)	−0.02	−0.02	−0.004
tensile strength
tension softening stiffness	/0.002	/0.002	/0.002
λ ratio of unloading slope at to	0.1	0.1	0.1