Recycling of Waste Sludge: Preparation and Application of Sludge-Based Activated Carbon

Table 1

Surface physicochemical characteristics of SBAC generated with pretreatment by different substances.

Substance	SBET (m^2·g^−1)	Surface property change	Reference
KOH	984	SBAC (KOH-800) is mainly mesoporous. The SBET and total pore volume of SBAC are the closest to those of commercial Ac (the BET surface and total pore volume of the commercial AC were 984 m^2/g and 0.663 cm^3/g, resp.).	[18]
NaOH	179	After modification with NaOH , the shape of SBAC is mesoporous and macroporous, showing a stronger adsorption capacity for CO2 than that of commercial Ac.	[67]
HCl	269	After the sludge was acid washed with HCl (5 M), slight pore development was observed and the BET surface area is 269 m^2·g^−1 when activated under CO2 at 800°C.	[19]
H3PO3	<5	Chemical activation with H3PO4 was ineffective for an efficient porosity development in the SBAC preparation process.	[19]
Na2CO3	440	The Na2CO3 washing step significantly promotes the development of the porous structure in CO2 activation of the treated char.	[66]