Improving Functional Properties of Cassava Starch-Based Films by Incorporating Xanthan, Gellan, or Pullulan Gums

Table 1

Mean values and standard deviation of the apparent viscosity (η₁₀₀ s^-1 Pa s) of the film-forming solutions with pure polymers and the different starch : gum ratios.

Sample		Starch : gum ratio
		90 : 10	80 : 20
S	^ab	—	—
X	^e	^c	^d
G	^f	^bc	^c
P	^a	^ab	^ab

Different superscript letters (a-f) indicate significant differences among formulations ().