Improving Functional Properties of Cassava Starch-Based Films by Incorporating Xanthan, Gellan, or Pullulan Gums

Table 3

Mean values and standard deviation of tensile properties (EM: elastic modulus; TS: tensile strength; %E: percentage of elongation) of the pure polymer films conditioned at 25°C and 53 or 75% RH for 1 (initial) or 5 (final) weeks.

			Sample
			S	G	P
RH – 53%	Initial	EM (MPa)	^a,1	^c,1	^b,2
		TS (MPa)	^a,2	^b,1	^a,2
		E (%)	^ab,2	^a,1	^b,1
	Final	EM (MPa)	^b,2	^c,1	^a,1
		TS (MPa)	^a,1	^b,1	^a,1
		E (%)	^a,1	^a,1	^b,1
RH – 75%	Initial	EM (MPa)	^a,1	^b,1	—
		TS (MPa)	^a,1	^b,1	—
		E (%)	^b,2	^a,1	—
	Final	EM (MPa)	^a,2	^b,1	—
		TS (MPa)	^a,1	^b,1	—
		E (%)	^a,1	^a,1	—

Different superscript letters (a-c) in the same row indicate significant differences among formulations () for each parameter. Different superscript numbers (1, 2) in the same column for each parameter and film sample indicate significant differences between the two storage times ().