Review Article
Agricultural and Forest Residues towards Renewable Chemicals and Materials Using Microwave Liquefaction
Table 1
Liquefaction yield of varied solvents from different raw materials.
| Feedstock | Solvent | Liquefaction rate (%) | Ref. |
| Poplar sawdust | Simple glycols | Ethylene glycol | 85 | [20] | Propylene glycol | 99 | | Higher analogues with glycols | Diethylene glycol | 63 | | Dipropylene glycol | 62 | | Polyethylene glycol | 69 | |
| Wheat straw alkali lignin | | Butanol | 10-12.5 | [31] | Alcohol | 12.5-15 | | Glycerol | About17.5 | | Propanol | About 20 | | Glycol | 20-22.5 | | Methanol | 25-27.5 | |
| Ethanol organosolv lignin (from bamboo culms) | | Methanol | 84.86 | [54] | Ethanol | 84.22 | | Butanol | 49.3 | | Ethanediol | 38 | | Isopropanol | 27 | |
| Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) | | Glycerol | 96.71 | [56] | PEG400# | 74.1 | | Methanol | 36.47 | | Ethanol | 24.97 | | Water | 17.74 | |
| Corn stover | | Ethylene glycol (EG) | 92.47 | [38] | PEG400/glycerin (4 : 1) | 92.42 | | Glycerin | 72.89 | |
| Pine (Pinus sp.) tree sawdust | Concentration of solvents | Concentration of methanol (%) | 0 | 48.5 | [55] | 25 | 55.4 | | 50 | 62.7 | | 100 | 76.3 | |
| Peony seeds | | Petroleum ether | 23.8 | [16] | Hexane | 24.0 | | Hexane+ethanol | 24.4 | |
| Fir sawdust | | The mass ratio of PEG400/glycerol | 0.5 | About 82 | [46] | 4.0 | 90.5 | |
| Wood underbrush | | Glycerol to EG ratio | 1.0 | 79.3 | [47] | 2.0 | 88.1 | | 5.0 | 84.4 | |
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