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| Year | Purpose and main results of the study | Reference |
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| 2012 | The study investigates the influence of the introduction of a carbon fabric layer on the bending and tensile properties of two different flax-epoxy composites including a thinner and a denser flax textile. The results show that depending on the textile density, the nonhybrid flax composites offer either high bending properties or high tensile properties. The introduction of the carbon fabrics improves significantly the mechanical performance. | [12] |
| 2013 | This work explores the influence of carbon/flax fiber hybridisation on the tensile, flexural, and thermal properties as well as on the water absorption. The results demonstrate that in the case of the hybrid composites, the carbon fibers significantly improve the water absorption behaviour, thermal stability, and mechanical properties, whereas the flax fibers enhance the toughness properties. | [13] |
| 2013 | The study aims to evaluate tensile and flexural properties as well as the hardness of a carbon/flax fiber-reinforced epoxy composite for its potential use as an orthopaedic long-bone fracture plate. The manufactured hybrid composite possesses sufficiently high tensile and high flexural properties. Furthermore, compared with the currently clinically used orthopaedic metal plates, the hybrid composite is closer to the human cortical bone, thus making it a potential candidate for use in the fixation of long-bone fracture. | [9] |
| 2015 | The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of the stacking sequence and hybridisation of carbon/flax fiber-reinforced epoxy on predicted and experimentally determined damping properties. The results show a good agreement between the modelled and the experimentally obtained damping coefficients. The stacking sequence plays an important role on the bending and damping properties. | [14] |
| 2016 | This study on the influence of stacking sequences on the bending, tensile, and impact damage properties shows that it is possible to improve the bending properties or impact damage tolerance by adjusting the stacking sequence of carbon and flax textiles. | [15] |
| 2016 | The article focuses on the comparison and identification of the dielectric properties and identification of the relaxation processes in flax composites and carbon-/flax-epoxy composites. The results show that the presence of two carbon fiber plies in the hybrid composite leads to two interfacial polarization effects and locally decreases the adhesion of flax fibers in the epoxy matrix. | [16] |
| 2016 | This study investigates the effect of carbon/flax hybridisation with varying flax volume fractions on the tensile, flexural, impact, and vibration properties including comparison of modelling and experimental data. The work shows that compared with aluminium, the hybrid composites offer beneficial mechanical and damping properties. The micromechanical approach offers a viable tool for the modelling of mechanical properties. | [17] |
| 2016 | The study focuses on the correlation of theoretical and experimental values of the elastic modulus and damping properties with the fiber composition in carbon-/flax-epoxy in longitudinal and flexural modes. The results show that in several cases, the stiffness-damping relationships in hybrid composites can be predicted for both modes using the rule of hybrid mixtures and the laminate theory. | [18] |
| 2017 | The work investigates the introduction of carbon fibers into a flax composite and the influence of the stacking sequence on tensile properties and water absorption/recovery behaviour. The results show that the introduction of carbon plies in certain stacking sequences acts as a barrier for the water and leads to a significant improvement of tensile properties. | [19] |
| 2017 | The study is aimed at investigating the damage progression during impact loading and postimpact fatigue loading using infrared thermography. The results show that the analysis in the transmission mode enables easier detection of the delamination defect. | [20] |
| 2017 | In the scope of the work, a bicycle frame made from a carbon-/flax-epoxy composite is evaluated with regard to vibration damping, stiffness, bending strength, and cost. The frame possesses similar or higher stiffness and strength than that made from other raw materials used commercially. Furthermore, the hybrid composite frame shows superior vibration-damping properties and lower cost while maintaining a biocontent of 40%. | [8] |
| 2017 | The study focusses on the investigation of the stacking sequence effect of a carbon-/basalt-/flax-epoxy composite with regard to tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, and impact properties. The analysis of the damage morphology and impact hysteresis cycles shows that the adjustment of the stacking sequence has beneficial influence on the flexural and interlaminar strength. | [21] |
| 2017 | The aim of the study is to characterize the influence of surface treatment of flax fibers on the bending and interlaminar properties of the hybrid carbon/flax composite. The study shows that the effect of surface treatment is dependent on the stacking sequence. | [22] |
| 2018 | The study describes use of the reclaimed carbon fibers in combination with flax fibers for the manufacture of hybrid composites. The tensile and damping properties of the manufactured composites offer a viable solution for applications where a compromise between reduced mechanical properties and enhanced secondary properties, like, e.g., vibration and noise mitigation, and cost reduction is needed. | [23] |
| 2018 | This work focuses on the effect of the stacking sequence and fiber orientation on the theoretical and experimental damping properties of carbon-/flax-epoxy composites. Close agreement is achieved between the predicted and experimentally obtained damping coefficients. Furthermore, flax textiles play a significant role regarding the damping properties of the hybrid composite. | [24] |
| 2018 | The study investigates the effect of the stacking sequence on theoretical and experimental tensile properties and damage mode of the hybrid carbon-/flax-epoxy composites. The theoretical and experimental values demonstrate good agreement in hybrid composites possessing linear behaviour. Moreover, the specific strength of these hybrid composites is higher than that of aluminium. | [25] |
| 2018 | The introduction of recycled short carbon fibers into a flax-epoxy composite leads to a significant enhancement of the flexural properties. Furthermore, the bending strength of the hybrid composite can be adjusted using random or layered distribution of the recycled carbon fibers within the hybrid composite. | [26] |
| 2019 | The study analyzes the effect of the stacking sequence of carbon-/flax-epoxy composites on static and fatigue tensile properties and shows that the modulus of these composites depends significantly on the fiber ratio. | [27] |
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